有压污水输送管道通气井的设置

结合实测透气数据,运用变波速模型对不同点位类型进行了分析,通过计算管道的压力变化研究了有压污水管中的气液两相流。对三个方案进行了分析:①污水管道沿程都不设通气井;②在地形突变处设立通气井;③除地形突变处外,平直管道隔2 km设一个通气井。计算结果表明,除在倒虹管处等地形突变的地方以及平直管段隔2 km距离就应设置通气井外,其余平直管道处可以不设置通气井。     

杜家村矿30°大倾角皮带运输机的应用实践

通过对杜家村矿30°大倾角主运皮带设计和应用特点的总结分析表明,大倾角皮带运输机不仅能克服主斜井大倾角问题,而且它还具有输送能力大、自动化程度高、安全可靠、操作维修简便,节省人力物力等优点,在杜家村矿大倾角斜井应用中取得了很好的效果,创造了巨大的经济效益。     

国外某金库螺旋钢筋施工技术

结合国外某金库工程,阐述了螺旋钢筋混凝土的特点、技术要求和螺旋单元构造。重点介绍了金库螺旋钢筋的工厂加工预制、现场装配工艺流程及要点,详细介绍了施工缝处节点处理、洞口处理和混凝土浇筑过程中的注意事项。本工程的螺旋钢筋施工操作简单,完全满足规范要求。     

浅议我国工程机械定轴式变速器的应用与发展

简要介绍部分工程机械用变速器的主要特点,分析比较液力机械变速器与传统机械变速器以及液力机械变速器中行星式变速器与定轴式变速器的各自优缺点;并就我国工程机械变速器的发展和现状进行了分析,指出了其中的不足;介绍了一些世界上比较先进的工程机械变速器,以及我国在动力换挡变速器方面取得的成果.     

非均质土坡稳定性分析评价的刚体单元上限法

 非均质土坡的稳定性分析评价是土力学的经典课题之一。以极限分析方法为理论基础,建立分段对数螺旋线滑面的旋转破坏机制。在滑体被视为刚性体条件下,通过ANSYS有限元软件的前处理功能,对层状土质边坡潜在滑体进行三角形单元离散和网格化。按照极限分析法上限原理,分别计算每个三角形单元滑体在重力及地震作用力条件下所作的外力功率,以及分段对数螺旋线滑面上阻力产生的内能耗散。采用强度折减法和极限分析上限定理的虚功率方程,推导得到非均质土坡稳定性评价的刚体单元上限法安全系数计算公式。以土质边坡为例,分别使用瑞典条分法、Bishop法、Janbu法和刚体单元上限法进行稳定性分析计算比较。结果表明,刚体单元上限法可以得到层状介质土坡安全系数的上限解,而Bishop法计算得到的安全系数则接近下限解。综合分析认为,当安全系数的上限和下限界定后,合理的选用安全系数对边坡工程非常重要。与其他方法比较,刚体单元上限法对层状介质组成的非均质土坡有一定的适用性。     

深厚冲积层高强钢筋混凝土井壁力学特性研究

 通过实验和理论计算,对在均匀荷载作用下高强钢筋混凝土井壁的力学特性进行分析。实验结果表明：高强钢筋混凝土井壁具有很高的承载力,影响其承载力的主要因素依次为混凝土的强度等级、厚径比和配筋率;在均匀外荷载作用下,混凝土强度提高10 MPa,井壁的极限承载力提高4 MPa左右,配筋率对井壁的极限承载力影响很小;高强钢筋混凝土井壁结构破裂时,环向钢筋沿破坏面发生塑性弯曲,混凝土破坏面与最大主应力方向的夹角为25°～30°,属压剪破坏。理论分析时,采用线性软化本构模型以及符合混凝土强度特性的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,推导出高强钢筋混凝土井壁极限承载力的理论计算公式,并且其计算结果得到实验验证。     

A mechanistic insight into the shaft resistance of vertically vibrating piles

A mechanism for the dynamic shaft resistance of vertically vibrating single end-bearing and infinitely long piles is proposed through the use of elastodynamics. The generalized expression for the shaft resistance is obtained by means of Hamilton's principle. The shaft resistance is divided analytically into three parts, namely, the Winkler spring, the membrane and the participating mass of the surrounding soil. In light of the contributions of these three components of shaft resistance, a physical model is presented for the nature of single piles subjected to dynamic loading. The three components are obtained as explicit forms. The first is linear to the pile settlement. The second is related to the derivative of the second order of the pile settlement. The third involves the participating mass of the surrounding soil. The effect of the properties of the soil-pile system on the dynamic responses of the characteristic coefficients of the shaft resistance is investigated. The results indicate that the Winkler spring contributes the most to the shaft resistance. The contributions of the membrane and the participating mass of the surrounding soil are negligible for cases of high incident frequency.     

Base resistance of drilled shafts in soft rock using in situ load tests: A limit state approach

This paper presents a probabilistic limit state framework for the evaluation of the base resistance of drilled shafts in soft rock. In situ load tests and the Griffith fracture theory are used to evaluate the mode of failure for the rock mass under the drilled shaft base. The base resistance or the limit state in the context of this paper is defined by the contact pressure at which load induced vertical to subvertical cracks form and the contact pressure-displacement relationship passes into a steep and fairly straight tangent. The parameters affecting the base resistance are evaluated using an in situ load test database. A statistical approach using the maximum likelihood method is utilized for the development of the design model for the base resistance. Reliability analysis is used to calibrate the corresponding resistance factors. The in situ load tests and the Griffith fracture theory suggest that the soft rock mass underlying the drilled shaft base primarily fails by the formation of vertical to subvertical cracks. Field observations indicate that the displacements in the underlying rock mass are largely in the vertical direction and that the base displacements required to mobilize the proposed base resistance are generally less than 30 mm. Load test data show that the base resistance is chiefly related to the unconfined compressive strength of soft rock. The calculated resistance factors are found to slightly decrease with increase in the span length of the structure and increase with the increase in the foundation redundancy.     

厚表土立井井壁破坏数值模拟研究

目前我国立井井筒频繁发生非采动破坏,在修复后一段时间又发生重复破坏,给我国煤炭行业带来了巨大的损失。而竖直附加力被认为是造成该种情况的主要原因。针对这种情况,以实际井筒为例,利用ANSYS有限元软件为研究平台,建立了钢筋混凝土双层井壁三维整体式有限元模型。深入研究了随着竖直附加力的变化,井壁破坏时的应力应变情况,塑性区的位置、破裂形态,破裂时间等一系列问题。同时建立了一套对井壁破坏进行预测的数值方法,并结合工程实例进行验证,结果与实际情况非常吻合。在实际工程中,这种有限元预测方法可以广泛的应用到我国各个地区的煤炭企业中,为煤炭行业的发展提供一种有益的保障。     

长大竖井围岩稳定性有限元分析

对以混凝土为内衬支护结构的长大竖井井筒,采用理想弹塑性材料本构关系及Drucker-Prager屈服准则建立三维有限元模型,对围岩受力及变形特征进行分析,给出围岩的应力与位移分布特征、竖井周边特征点的变形(位移)大小及破坏区的范围;对比讨论了现浇混凝土支护结构不同支护厚度对围岩稳定性的影响,分析计算结果表明围岩稳定性良好,竖井的初步设计是合理的,改变支护厚度对纵向及总位移影响较大,随支护厚度的增加围岩应力分布更均匀。按一定深度建立竖井水平剖面的二维模型对井筒的稳定性进行分析,将二维与三维分析结果进行对比分析,其结果表明二维分析存在较大误差,说明了二维简化分析的不合理性。