Long-term economic sensitivity analysis of light duty underground mining vehicles by power source

LHD's are expensive vehicles; therefore, it is important to accurately define the financial consequences associated with the investment of purchasing the mining equipment. This study concentrates on longterm incremental and sensitivity analysis to determine whether it is feasible to incorporate current battery technology into these machines. When revenue was taken into account, decreasing the amount of haulage in battery operated equipment by 5% or 200 kg per h amounts to a $4.0 × 10~4 loss of profit per year. On average it was found that using battery operated equipment generated $9.5 × 10~4 more in income annually, reducing the payback period from seven to two years to pay back the additional $1.0 × 10~5 investment of buying battery powered equipment over cheaper diesel equipment. Due to the estimated 5% increase in capital, it was observed that electric vehicles must possess a lifetime that is a minimum of one year longer than that of diesel equipment.     

低功耗电流模互连电路的快速优化设计方法

为对低功耗电流模互连电路进行快速优化,提出了一种"自顶向下"的动态驱动电流模互连电路的快速优化设计方法.方法首先对动态驱动电流模电路进行行为级建模,并采用MATLAB对数据进行处理优化电路功耗,确定出最优的电流源电流大小.然后利用"2ID/gm"方法,快速而准确地确定出相应MOS管尺寸.同时,也对"2ID/gm"的模拟集成电路设计方法,进行了较为详细的理论分析.仿真结果表明:使用该方法确定出的MOS管尺寸得到的性能十分接近设计指标,只需通过少量修改便可完成设计.该方法大大提高了设计效率.     

地球敏感器成像仿真与检测方法

针对地球敏感器的设计与仿真需求,研究了地球椭球成像、大气轮廓、晨昏线及背景星空成像,实现了高精度地球敏感器成像仿真;并在此基础上比较实验了圆拟合、椭圆拟合等不同地球边界拟合及地心检测算法的性能,根据系统在轨运行特点,提出了分步地球图像检测算法.一方面克服单纯圆拟合方法带来的地球扁率误差,另一方面利用轨道先验知识克服椭圆拟合过程中的长轴不稳定性.仿真实验证明,该方法有效地提高了敏感器检测精度及系统鲁棒性,并且时间复杂度低,满足在轨要求,能够有效促进各型地球敏感器的性能提升.     

联合功率控制的D2D资源分配算法

针对D2D通信引入LTE网络中同频干扰以及能耗过大问题,首先基于模糊聚类算法,将D2D用户分成若干个D2 D用户组,并且基于中断概率最小为每个D2 D用户组寻找最优蜂窝用户资源,以降低用户间干扰、提高系统吞吐量。其次结合上述资源分配提出了一种有效的功率控制方案,调节资源分配后用户组内D2 D用户的发送功率,以提高系统能量效率。仿真结果表明：该算法降低了系统干扰,提高了系统吞吐量以及系统能量效率,同时又保证了D2 D用户获得无线资源的公平性。     

一种采用单双跳变的低功耗确定性BIST方案

为实现低功耗和高故障覆盖率,基于单跳变测试技术和2-bit扭环计数器,提出一种新型的单双跳变的确定性测试向量产生器.首先,与一般的确定性测试方案直接存储确定性种子不同,利用ROM存储控制信号并通过单双跳变生成确定性种子和确定性测试向量,这样控制信号的长度约为确定性种子的1/2,有利于降低功耗并节约存储空间.其次,2-bit减法计数器合理地过滤了冗余向量,大大缩短了测试时间并降低总体能耗.最后,为了适应不同的测试需求,还设计了相应的测试向量压缩算法和三种x指定算法.实验结果表明,平均功耗分别降低了42.36%、32.32%、38.94%,测试长度分别减少了77.6%、86.1%、84.3%,测试数据分别压缩了79.4%、65.2%、68.1%.     

基于最大功率追踪的双馈风力发电机直接转矩控制

根据风力涡轮机的工作原理及风电控制系统的特点,构建了以双馈感应电机为对象的变速恒频风力发电系统,为克服大风扰动对风电机组有功功率的影响,提出了采用融合最大功率追踪算法和直接转矩控制算法的控制策略,以提高功率控制的平稳性.以某风场1.5 MW双馈式风力发电机为参照,搭建机组的Matlab仿真模型,对不同风速扰动下的机组功率控制进行仿真,仿真结果验证了控制策略的可行性和有效性.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的最大功率点跟踪研究

通过分析太阳能光伏发电系统的工作特征和现有的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法,提出了一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的光伏发电系统MPPT方法.该算法将遗传算法和模拟退火算法相结合,通过将局部搜索过程引入遗传算法,从而使两种算法的搜索能力得到互相补充.针对某光伏发电系统的MPPT问题,通过仿真,将遗传模拟退火算法和遗传算法进行比较.仿真结果显示,遗传模拟退火算法和传统的遗传算法相比,能更快速、精确地跟踪到光伏系统的最大功率点.     

黄河水院光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪控制研究

分析了最大功率点跟踪的基本扰动观测法的原理和优缺点,提出了一种改进算法,即加入步长变化的环节,在工作点远离最大功率点区间时,设定扰动步长相对较大;在工作点接近最大功率点区间时,设定步长相对较小。通过仿真实验对改进算法进行了验证,得出该算法既能在稳态时减小功率损失,又能在外界条件剧烈变化时提高动态响应和系统稳定性,从而达到预定控制效果。     

高含沙水流作用下水垫塘底板上举力特性试验

针对高含沙水流对水垫塘底板上举力特性的影响,通过模型试验,研究了不同含沙量下底板上举力的分布规律、幅值特性和频谱特性。结果表明:含沙水流作用下的上举力沿程分布规律与清水时相同;各流速下上举力时均值均随含沙量的增大而增大,且基本呈线性函数关系,斜率在0.17～0.22之间;上举力标准差随含沙量的增大先增大后减小,在含沙量为183 kg/m~3时出现峰值;上举力的脉动在0～3 Hz的低频范围内,与清水相比,水流含沙后功率谱的频带宽度增加,高频域内的功率谱密度值有所增加;水流的时间积分尺度随着含沙量的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

A customised approach to determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small flood events in a regulated river

The construction of dams significantly alters flow and sediment regimes with subsequent deleterious effects on the morphological and ecological character of rivers. Effective experimental floods can ameliorate the downstream geomorphic impacts of dams. The traditional view is that large floods are required to perform effective geomorphic work, and the geomorphic outcomes of small floods are often overlooked. Many river restoration frameworks do not consider small floods. Yet, there is evidence that the hydrological characteristics that ameliorate specific geomorphic impacts in a river are unique to each river, and a customised approach to setting the right mix of floods (including small experimental floods) is needed. In this study, we modify an existing flood effectiveness model developed for large floods, for determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods in a highly regulated Australian river. Two flood classes were added to the model (medium peak stream power and moderate total energy expenditure), and the flood power characteristics were rescaled to reflect the relative difference in the magnitude of the small floods and the magnitude of the geomorphic work performed. Using a step‐wise approach, this customised model determined the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods. The best flood for ameliorating the geomorphic impacts of flow regulation had medium to long duration (10 to 51 days), high peak unit stream power (77 to 123 Wm^?2) and moderate to large total energy expenditure (78,600 to 342,320 × 10³ J). This approach to determining flood effectiveness for small floods is applicable to other geomorphically impacted river channels downstream of dams and can be used to inform experimental flood releases for geomorphic outcomes.