界面黏滑摩擦现象的研究进展

从宏观尺度和微观尺度两个方面介绍了界面黏滑摩擦的研究进展,重点概述了宏观黏滑现象及其摩擦特性、微观黏滑现象及其摩擦特性、黏滑摩擦的建模以及黏滑实验研究进展,分析了现阶段界面黏滑摩擦研究中的重点问题。最后指出,从微观和介观尺度上研究界面摩擦行为是黏滑摩擦的未来发展方向。     

基于摩擦补偿的交流伺服工作台爬行控制

低速工况下由摩擦引起的爬行现象是影响机械加工精度的重要因素。建立了XY交流伺服工作台爬行的数学模型。设计了一种变结构控制和基于摩擦模型前馈补偿相结合的综合控制策略,用于减小交流伺服工作台爬行对定位精度的影响。仿真和实验结果表明,采用提出的控制策略可以明显降低爬行产生的跟踪误差。     

含干摩擦振动系统的非线性动力学分析

对含干摩擦振动系统的非线性动力学行为进行了研究。为了精确地捕捉粘滑状态的分界点,给出了判定系统滑动状态与粘着状态分界点的理论方法,分析了由干摩擦引起的粘滑振动,结合Lyapunov指数分析了系统的稳定性。进而利用数值方法对一两自由度干摩擦振动系统的动力学响应进行了分析,得到系统经周期运动失稳通向混沌的道路。     

旋转摩擦诱发粘滑振动特性分析

把旋转体和与弹性梁固结的质量块作为一对摩擦副,研究了旋转摩擦诱发质量块的粘滑运动规律.理论分析和仿真结果表明,旋转摩擦诱发质量块的运动是周期性的非常规振动,其运动过程为质量块先随旋转体一起粘滞运动,然后沿粘滞运动方向滑动,再沿相反方向滑动,无论在粘滞期还是在滑动期,质量块都在运动.这一运动重复进行,直到质量块脱离旋转体或旋转体停止转动为止.     

Some considerations of slideway friction characteristics by observing stick-slip vibration

It is important to clarify the frictional characteristics of a slideway and to prevent unstable vibration, such as stick-slip vibration, for the improvement of kinematic performance and for precise positioning. In this research, the relations among the dynamic friction characteristics, the pitching motion or the floating up of the slider, the surface roughness of a slideway, and the lubricant property are investigated experimentally. As a result, some points necessary for the kinematic performance improvement of the slider are clarified.     

双偏心块驱动球形机器人原地转向运动控制

为了提高球形机器人的运动性能,将原地转向运动作为一种独立的运动方式,研究了一种双偏心质量块驱动球形机器人的原地转向运动控制方法．介绍了双偏心质量块驱动球形机器入的机构特点,利用达朗伯原理对机器人进行受力分析,阐述了双偏心质量块驱动球形机器人原地转向运动原理,建立了机器人的原地转向动力学模型．将原地转向运动分为起始、粘滞...     

纳米填料增强UHMWPE–橡胶水润滑摩擦学性能

为了研究水润滑条件下试验载荷和速度对纳米填料（Nano-SiC）改性超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）/橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,通过高温混炼、热压成型制备Nano-SiC辅以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充改性UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料。采用MRH-3型环-块摩擦实验机探究四种不同载荷条件下改性复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和非接触光学三维轮廓仪对试样微观磨损表面形貌分析,从微观层面探究改性复合材料的摩擦机理。试验结果表明：在定载变速条件下,速度由0.02m/s升到3.59m/s时,改性复合材料的动摩擦系数波动幅度与静摩擦系数均呈现大幅下降趋势,粘-滑现象（Stick-Slip Phenomenon）减弱,摩擦系数波动归于平稳;试验载荷和纳米粒子含量的变化与试样摩擦磨损程度呈负相关,在水润滑条件下,随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦系数与磨损率均出现明显降低,填充比例为5%的复合材料摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数整体较UHMWPE/橡胶材料降低35%,磨损率降低46.6%,磨损表面形貌也随之发生改变;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率从1.25×10-6mm3/(Nm)降至0.4×10-6mm3/(Nm)。Nano-SiC的含量与工况载荷压力对摩擦磨损均存在一定影响,即填充适量Nano-SiC的UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料与一定工况压力下的对偶钢环组成的摩擦配副能改善摩擦环境,减轻粘-滑现象,有利于减小材料的磨损。     

Study on dynamic friction characteristics in reciprocating friction drive system

The dynamic friction characteristics of a reciprocating friction drive system are investigated under conditions of dry contact using 0·45% carbon steel pair. Three friction modes are found during the operation, i.e. stick-slip, sticking and a transition region. The critical operating conditions in classifying these three modes are examined under various driver speeds, normal loads and spring constants. The critical values of driver speed and normal load increase with increasing spring constant. Generally, in the friction drive system the disappearance of the stick-slip results in smooth rolling. It is also found that the slope at the first period of slip on the traction force–relative slip velocity curve would have a transition from negative to positive value when the friction mode of stick-slip changes into sticking. Moreover, results show that the sticking mode gives the best positioning accuracy with the least wear on the contact surfaces. In addition, a transition from severe wear to mild wear is found when the friction mode is transferred from stick-slip to sticking only.     

Rate Dependence of Serrated Flow and Its Effect on Shear Stability of Bulk Metallic Glasses

The rate dependence of serrated flow and its effects on the stability of shear banding were systematically investigated in a prototypic bulk metallic glass.It was found that with the increase of external strain rate,the serra-ted flow is gradually suppressed and could completely disappear at a critical strain rate.The serration size,character-ized by the mean stress drop amplitude,decreases inversely with the strain rate,while the waiting time for serration decreases with the strain rate in a power-law manner.The rate dependence of the serrated flow has important effects on the dynamics and stability of shear banding process,and leads to an optimal plasticity achieved around the critical strain rate for the disappearance of serrated flow.These results are discussed and interpreted in terms of the mi-croscopic deformation theory and the stick-slip dynamics of shear banding for bulk metallic glasses.     

钻具粘滑现象分析及软扭矩系统在长北气田的应用

钻井过程中钻具经常会因扭矩过大而"憋停",当扭矩达到某一值后钻具会突然快速释放,这种现象通常称为钻具粘滑。钻具的粘滑经常伴随井下震动,容易引发金刚石钻头崩齿,从而缩短钻头寿命,也会引起井下仪器(MWD/LWD)失效。钻具的粘滑跟井下钻具组合和所钻地层岩性有关。粘滑现象是一种阈值现象,即低于临界转速粘滑就会发生。软扭矩系统针对粘滑现象作用机理而研发,通过降低临界转速,有效地控制了钻具粘滑。该系统在长北气田进行了推广应用,从源头上消除了钻具粘滑现象,保护了钻头和井下仪器,应用效果良好。