不同因素下镍铜双层膜表面摩擦行为的研究

材料在摩擦接触过程中的弹塑性变形对基体的力学性能具有重要影响。为研究镍铜双层膜在接触过程中的变形行为和力学特性,本文从原子轨迹、原子晶格结构变化、接触力和基体内部位错等方面,详细研究了表面纹理密度、纹理方向、晶体学方向、磨粒半径和接触深度等因素对摩擦接触过程的影响。结果表明：纳观纹理表面以及镀层的引入对接触力产生影响。镍膜晶体学方向对滑动接触过程影响显著,存在接触力最小的晶体学方向;凸体的分布角度对摩擦过程的影响较小;在界面作用下,特定纹理密度表现出一定的减摩作用;基体材料的接触力随着磨粒半径和接触深度的增大而增大;在不同因素及水平下,基体表现出不同的位错缺陷程度和原子堆积现象。     

强震区黏滑断层隧道刚柔相济抗减震技术模型试验研究

为研究强震区黏滑断层隧道刚柔相济抗减震技术,依托都汶高速龙溪隧道F8黏滑断层段,开展了静力断层黏滑错动试验和大型三方向六自由度强震震动试验,通过对试验数据的分析,主要研究了上下盘隧道结构的纵向应变、接触压力和内力。试验结果表明:施设减震缝后,沿纵向隧道结构纵向应变及接触压力增加倍数由剧烈变化变为较均匀变化;采用结构加强抵抗断层黏滑错动和强震震动对隧道结构的影响,效果有限;通过施设减震缝抵抗断层黏滑错动和强震震动的影响,效果明显,隧道结构纵向应变抗减震效果97%以上,接触压力抗减震效果86%以上,安全系数最小值增加5倍以上;强震区黏滑断层隧道采用刚柔相济抗减震措施进行设防,可大幅提高隧道结构的安全性,安全系数最小值增加8倍以上。研究成果可为强震区黏滑断层隧道抗减震设防设计提供参考。     

汽车车轮模型的开发与仿真验证

针对现有轮胎模型应用中存在的不足,开发了考虑气胎弹性的汽车车轮模型。模型用六向弹簧阻尼器模拟了气胎的弹性,并为接地印迹块外力计算创造了条件,接地印迹块与地面的接触摩擦采用动静摩擦分离的建模方法进行建模,准确计算了车辆在零速度附近的受力。通过对零速度工况、原地转向工况、转向小干扰工况、操纵稳定性工况的仿真,验证了模型的正确性。     

Coal burst induced by rock wedge parting slip: a case study in Zhaolou coal mine

Rock wedge parting is an important factor that can induce coal burst. In this study, a physical model for the stick-slip model was developed to investigate coal burst induced by rock wedge parting. The Maxwell model was used to explain the stick-slip motion of the rock wedge parting. The evolution of microseismic source locations in the coal face was also obtained to correlate rock wedge parting with coal burst. It was found that superposition of the high static stress concentration and the dynamic stress from the fracture and caving of key stratum induced the coal burst.     

一种实用的摩擦模型

摩擦影响定位和指向系统的精度,还可能引起不稳定.伺服设计中用的摩擦模型大都用的是Dahl模型.这是一个简单的只有一个状态变量的动态模型.不过用Dahl模型给不出滞-滑运动.文中分析指出Dahl模型实际上是早年模拟机上摩擦模型的一个解析版本,而Dahl模型中的状态方程式所表示的就是模拟线路中的积分钳位线路.基于这种新的认...     

Study of effect of specimen thickness,gelatin concentration,normal force and sliding velocity on the stick-slip vibrations of gelatin hydrogel

Abstract

Soft solids undergo stick-slip instability which is characterized by the velocity weakening effect where interfacial shear stress decreases with sliding velocity. Soft solids show the hysteresis of energy release rate (G) during the stick and slip phase of a stick-slip cycle. In the present study, the effect of specimen thickness on G is studied by conducting the direct shear sliding experiments on gelatin hydrogel and glass substrate. Interfacial shear stress and corresponding crack lengths obtained during the slide-hold-slide (SHS) experiments are used to determine G analytically. Significance of specimen thickness, normal stress, gelatin concentration and sliding velocity on the hysteresis of G during a stick-slip cycle is discussed in detail. Increase in the specimen thickness, normal stress and gelatin concentration lead to an increase in the hysteresis of G as well as tendency of stick-slip instability. However, increase in the sliding velocity leads to decrease in hysteresis.     

纳观纹理表面相关参数对滑动摩擦过程的影响

采用分子动力学方法研究了半球形刚性压头在单晶铜纹理表面上的纳观黏着滑动摩擦过程。对不同纹理密度下纹理形状和纹理深度对黏滑摩擦性能的影响进行了全面研究,通过对比分析不同纹理参数下的滑动摩擦力和基体变形,揭示了上述参数对纹理表面黏滑摩擦的影响规律。模拟结果表明:在相同的纹理密度下,柱状纹理表面的滑动摩擦力小于矩形纹理表面。相比矩形纹理,柱状纹理表面的结构稳定性较差,但纹理表面的结构稳定性随着纹理密度的增加而加强。在相同的纹理密度下,矩形纹理表面的滑动摩擦力随着纹理深度的增加而减小。     

Friction and Stick-Slip in Robots: Simulation and Experimentation

This paper proposes an algorithm for joint friction in robotmanipulator simulations. The model includes an appropriaterepresentation of the behaviour at low speed and, especially, thestick-slip process. The concept of the model is introduced through twosimple examples. The method is then extended to more complex multibodysystems and, in particular, to robot manipulators. It is furthersynthesized into a numerical algorithm for computer simulations. Thealgorithm is experimentally validated using a two-degrees-of-freedomplanar robot moving in the vertical plane. Free motions resulting fromknown initial conditions were successfully reproduced.     

Tribological properties of cast graphitic-aluminium composites

Some of the tribological properties of cast graphitic-aluminium particulate composite materials are presented. Tests were designed to represent different running conditions, from mixed lubrication to almost dry. Two graphitic aluminium composites, the aluminium alloys on which they were based, and commercial-quality bronze were compared for friction characteristics in these tests. An attempt was made to compare their vibration amplitude characteristics due to stick-slip. Surface features of the mating components after the tests were completed are also presented. It was found that the graphite-aluminium composites perform the best of those tested, in terms of the above-mentioned characteristics, under the most severe running conditions.     

SLTIT型扭转冲击钻井提速工具

在我国钻井大提速的背景下,提出了一种集机械剪切、水力和扭转冲击3种破岩方式共同作用的复合钻井工艺新技术及装备。旋转钻井过程中,在不影响钻进的情况下,扭冲工具利用钻井液驱动内部冲击锤做反复的扭转冲击,将部分流体能量转换成一定频率、周向扭转、冲击型的井底机械破岩能量,并直接传递给钻头。5口井的现场试验结果表明,扭转冲击复合钻井技术与装备适合我国的钻井技术环境,能够有效消除PDC钻头的卡滑现象,减轻钻柱扭转振荡,能够有效保护钻头和钻具等配套部件,有效降低钻井成本。