Countering the Segregation of Transition‐Metal Ions in LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 Cathode for Ultralong Life and High‐Energy Li‐Ion Batteries

High‐voltage layered lithium transition‐metal oxides are very promising cathodes for high‐energy Li‐ion batteries. However, these materials often suffer from a fast degradation of cycling stability due to structural evolutions. It seriously impedes the large‐scale application of layered lithium transition‐metal oxides. In this work, an ultralong life LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ microspherical cathode is prepared by constructing an Mn‐rich surface. Its capacity retention ratio at 700 mA g^?1 is as large as 92.9% after 600 cycles. The energy dispersive X‐ray maps of electrodes after numerous cycles demonstrate that the ultralong life of the as‐prepared cathode is attributed to the mitigation of TM‐ions segregation. Additionally, it is discovered that layered lithium transition‐metal oxide cathodes with an Mn‐rich surface can mitigate the segregation of TM ions and the corrosion of active materials. This study provides a new strategy to counter the segregation of TM ions in layered lithium transition‐metal oxides and will help to the design and development of high‐energy cathodes with ultralong life.     

基于LCC的电力设备更新维修决策

综合考虑配电网影响电力设备更新维修的相关因素,基于LCC全寿命周期理论,以提高供电可靠性和运行经济性为目标函数,建立配电网电力设备更新维修的优化数学模型.采用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,最后在实例中,验证该模型的可用性与实用性,给出分年度需要进行更新检修设备及设备的更新检修方案.     

Operating characteristics of a failure counting group replacement policy

This article presents some operating characteristics of a failure counting group replacement policy. A group of identical units are put in service together. The maintenance policy applied for them is a group replacement policy based on failure count; they are replaced altogether when a number of failures reaches a certain amount. For the expected cost rate function under the failure counting group replacement policy, this article presents a method to obtain the optimum cost rate. We also show that the optimum cost rate is an increasing function in the fleet size. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the results.     

CuNiCoBe与CuCrZr合金电极的点焊性能比较及其失效分析

文中对比研究了CuNiCoBe合金与CuCrZr合金电极点焊镀锌钢板的性能,并利用超景深显微镜,光谱仪、XRD等分析测试手段研究了电极表面的剥落、端部塑性变形的程度及表面合金层的成分和物相等,分析了电极失效机理.结果表明,在相同的点焊工艺参数下,CuNiCoBe电极点焊寿命达到3 500点,为CuCrZr电极寿命1 500点的2.3倍.CuCrZr电极寿命低于CuNiCoBe电极的原因在于CuCrZr合金强度硬度低,易形成剥落孔洞、塑性变形大,电极端部尺寸增大明显.表面合金层的成分和产物和CuNiCoBe电极的不尽相同.     

特大型精密汽轮发电机定子芯片冲模设计

介绍了特大型精密汽轮发电机双扇形冲模的开发过程,指出了该类型模具的关键特殊点和特定的处理方法。模具经厂家使用,尺寸精度和尺寸一致性,毛刺等全部在0.02 mm的要求内,稳定性好,完全达到了要求,具有很高的技术经济性。     

QFP组件的优化模拟及焊点热疲劳寿命的预测

采用有限元方法研究了方形扁平式封装QFP(quad flat package)组件的优化模拟及引线宽度与间距对焊点疲劳寿命的影响规律.结果表明,在QFP64组件的所有焊点中,最外侧焊点的正前面存在最大应变值,易产生裂纹,发生疲劳破坏,为组件的最脆弱部位.QFP引线间距固定时,随着引线宽度的增加,焊点等效应变值逐渐增加,焊点可靠性降低,热疲劳寿命降低;QFP引线宽度固定时,随着引线间距的增加,存在一个焊点热疲劳寿命最大值;所选取的计算模型中,当引线宽度为0.15 mm,引线间距为0.45 mm时,焊点可靠性最高,组件具有最长的疲劳寿命.     

Behavior of bridge girders with corrugated webs under monotonic and cyclic loading

The focus of this study is to investigate the behavior of plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs under fatigue loading. Six girders were tested under both monotonic and cyclic four-point loading arrangements. A relationship between the stress range, F_r, and the number of cycles to failure, N, was developed for the girders. The results from the fatigue tests were related to the current AASHTO specifications and compared with the test results of different types of girders carried out by others. Nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to study the effects of the different geometrical parameters of this type of girders on the stress concentrations at different locations and to explain the findings of the experimental study. Two sources of stress concentration leading to fatigue cracking were isolated and evaluated; one is dependent on the radius of curvature between the web folds and the other depends on the inclination angle of the inclined fold. An analytical technique based on fracture mechanics is also proposed to enable designers to determine the fatigue life of corrugated web steel girders.     

贮藏温度对鱿鱼品质变化的影响及其货架期分析

为探讨贮藏温度对鱿鱼品质变化及货架期的影响,研究了0、5、10、25℃贮藏条件下鱿鱼的色泽、pH、TVB-N、TMA、FA及TVC和感官分值的变化。结果表明,鱿鱼高品质期终点分别为357、180、118、19h,货架期终点分别为425、234、142、28h。贮藏过程中鱿鱼b*值、pH、TVB-N、TMA、TVC都有增加,FA随着贮藏时间呈先下降后上升的趋势。0、5、10、25℃贮藏的鱿鱼高品质期终点和货架期终点时的平均pH分别为（6.78±0.01）、（6.90±0.01）,TVB-N分别为（24.47±1.74）、（31.99±0.93）mg/100g,TMA分别为（6.71±0.90）、（10.23±0.30）mg/100g,FA分别为（1.65±0.94）、（4.22±0.34）mg/kg,TVC分别为（6.28±0.69）、（7.69±0.33）lgCFU/g。因此,贮藏温度越高,鱿鱼越容易腐败,货架期也越短,反之则对鱿鱼品质有利,可延长其货架期。      

应变曲线在零件疲劳寿命设计时的应用

首先对零件产生低周疲劳的原因及其特点进行了简要叙述,说明了应用σ-N曲线无法描述零件低周疲劳寿命的变化规律.在工程设计应用中通常采用σ-N曲线来反映零件低周疲劳的实际寿命变化的规律.扼要论述了通过实践验证及对多种不同静强度的材料进行等应变幅疲劳试验,归纳出适用于零件低周疲劳的通用公式.并用实例验证了其估算过程,对计算结...     

基于有限元的多股螺旋弹簧疲劳寿命预测

针对多股螺旋弹簧(多股簧)的疲劳失效问题,以阿联酋某企业使用的特种多股簧为研究对象,通过有限元仿真分析多股簧的应力应变历程并利用子模型技术进行了应力应变的精确计算,通过静态响应试验验证了有限元模型的正确性;进行了钢丝材料试验,结合Manson模型推导出多股簧材料的疲劳性能参数;结合多股簧的应变和疲劳寿命预测模型预测了多...