露天矿采剥工程可靠性模拟模型参数研究

露天矿采剥工程属于离散型投入-产出系统，其可靠性受制于多种随机因素。系统模拟是求解此类系统可靠性的较有效方法。本文依据可靠性理论及近水平露天矿生产实际，给出采剥工程可靠性测度概念，用以评价露天矿设计或计划指标及实际完成指标的可靠程度。综合考虑矿山生产能力、生产剥采比、工作平盘设置、工作帮坡角及可靠性与经济效益之间的权衡，建立了完整而适用的露天矿采剥工程可靠性系统模拟数学模型。     

加氢裂化装置生产工业白油的技术开发与工业应用

目的 降低炼厂的柴汽比,提高企业经济效益。方法 对惠州石化4.0 Mt/a蜡油加氢裂化装置生产5号工业白油的可行性进行了分析,认为通过提高柴油馏分初馏点实现生产5号工业白油产品是可行的。前期,装置已通过主分馏塔降压调整、增设蒸汽汽提塔和原柴油汽提塔再沸器改蒸汽汽提工艺3种方式提高柴油初馏点,均未取得良好的运行效果。鉴于以上3种工艺的局限性,开发了热氮气气提工艺,工艺采用热氮气气提替代柴油汽提塔塔底再沸器,主分馏塔塔顶排出不凝气,以维持塔压稳定。结果 该工艺实施后,装置生产合格白油60 t/h,航煤产量增加14 t/h,不凝气产量增加1.3 t/h,不再产柴油产品;白油产品开口闪点由85℃提高至126℃,解决了开口闪点低和产品含水问题。结论 采用该工艺生产的5号工业白油产品性质稳定,满足行业指标的要求,装置改造工程量小,经济效益显著,对国内外同类装置的生产优化具有重要的借鉴意义。     

尿素合成塔内件改造总结

意大利斯耐姆公司（Snamprogetti）氨汽提工艺400t／d尿素装置中,尿素合成塔的塔板数原设计为10块,为了提高合成转化率,有效利用塔底部混合区容积,斯耐姆公司将后来的塔板数由10块增加为12块。针对这种情况,1998年8月对我厂的合成塔内件进行了改造,增加了2块塔板,经过实际使用,效果很好。     

采用汽提燃烧方法处理甲醇生产废水

以大庆油田化工有限公司甲醇分公司10万t/a甲醇装置的精馏生产废水的分析数据为基础,通过对甲醇废水中主要组成物的物理性质分析和各种污水处理方法的研究,探讨了利用中压汽提塔采用汽提焚烧法处理甲醇生产废水的可行性,并提出了甲醇精馏废水处理的新途经和方法.     

Effect of Cycling Loaded Rare Earths on Stripping Process in P507 Extraction System

P507 （HEH [EHP]） is an important extractant for the separation of rare earth and is widely used in industry. Since the complexes of heavy rare earth ions with saponified P507 are so stable that the rare earth ions are difficult to be exchanged and stripped by H^＋ ions. Thus, the cycled extractant loads certain amount of heavy rare earth ion after stripped by acid. This amount of rare earth ions loaded in blank organic phase is named as the ＂cycling loaded rare earth ions （CLREs）＂. In the separation process of Tm^3＋, Yb^3 ＋, and Lu^3 ＋ , the amount of CLREs carl be more than 10% of the normal capacity of saponifiedorganic phase. In fact, CLREs affect the separation efficiency and decrease the purity of the products. Based on the extracting-stripping equilibrium and mass balance, the influence of different process parameters on the amount of CLREs was studied by computer simulation. The results indicate that higher acid consumption and more stripping stages are required to eliminate CLREs. For an industrial practice, however, the acid consumption and the number of stripping stage can be designed by choosing an economic process and controlling CLREs at a reasonable level.     

Stripping and recycling of metal ions in aqueous nitric acid solutions: Experimental and molecular dynamics insights

Stripping of metal ions (i.e., Cs⁺ and Na⁺) in presence of ionophore such as dibenzo-18-crown-6, (DB18C6) from the ionic liquid phase to the aqueous nitric acid phase by molecular dynamics simulation is reported. The experimentally determined stripping percentages of Na⁺ (i.e., 43.4, 38.5, 34.4, and 31.9%) were found to be higher than the same for Cs⁺ (i.e., 32.6, 32.0, 31.3, and 30.2%). The nonbonded and the hydrogen bond energies between Na⁺ and water (i.e., −356.41 and −363.77 kcal/mol) were higher when compared with Cs⁺ (i.e., −212.43 and −221.04 kcal/mol). The spatial distribution functions further confirmed that the surfaces of Na⁺ were very closely distributed around the active sides of water whereas for Cs⁺, it was distributed very far from the water molecules. In the penultimate section, the effect of methanol to the aqueous phase was studied so as to enhance the extraction efficiency of the complex.     

溶出伏安法测定聚氯化铝中的微量铅、镉

提出了用阳极溶出伏安法测定饮用水处理剂聚氯化铝的微量铅、镉,实验确定最佳支持电解质为0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液,在此体系中测定能得到满意的精密度和回收率。     

PVC汽提塔的改进

介绍了用于PVC生产的筛板式汽提塔及溢流式筛板汽提塔的结构特点、技术特性以及改进制造过程。     

纳米二氧化钛膜电极测定痕量锌

以nano-TiO2膜修饰玻碳电极作为工作电极,采用线性扫描溶出伏安法测定饮料样中的痕量Zn2+。在pH值4.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,Zn2+在-1.2 V电位下富集7min,再静置60s后阳极化扫描,于-0.72 V处出现一个灵敏而尖锐的阳极溶出峰。Zn2+溶出峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-8~5.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,富集12 min,检出限(S/N=3)为2.5×10-9mol.L-1。方法用于实际饮料样中Zn2+的检测,结果令人满意。     

间歇式本体法PP装置闪蒸釜氮气连续汽提工艺研究

在间歇式本体法聚丙烯(PP)装置上研究了闪蒸釜氮气置换工艺,分析测试了闪蒸釜反复抽真空充压工艺和闪蒸釜连续汽提工艺在置换效果、氮气耗量、排人气柜氯气量、携带粉料量、置换时间等.结果表明:与反复抽真空充压工艺相比,闪蒸釜连续汽提工艺能够明显降低间歇式本体法PP装置的丙烯单耗、氮气消耗和污染物排放.