块菌多糖的提取、结构、功能及应用研究进展

多糖是食用菌的主要活性成分之一,被广泛应用于食品工业中。目前对块菌多糖提取的研究主要围绕溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶辅助提取法和加压液相萃取法等工艺。在化学结构的解析方面,主要针对其分子质量、单糖组成及比例、糖残基的构型及连接方式、多糖类型。而关于块菌多糖的生物功能,重点是评价其抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗疲劳、免疫调节等活性。此外,块菌多糖现阶段已成功被开发为糕点和含片类产品。文章对块菌多糖的提取、结构、功能及在食品加工中的应用研究进展进行了综述。     

岩石厚壁圆筒三向压缩下的卸荷试验与岩石强度破坏

为研究地下工程开挖影响,采用厚壁圆筒多轴应力试验,对试样施加较高的轴对称内、外壁压力及轴向荷载后,进行内、外壁卸荷破坏试验.试验的破坏结果是在厚壁圆筒壁间形成环向主要破裂面.这一破裂现象在以往相关文献中未见报道,与通常弹塑性理论分析的较高应力发生在圆筒内缘、破坏从内缘开始的结论不同.这一结果与深部矿山巷道围岩出现的分区破裂(zonal disintegration)现象类似.     

Beyond Symmetry: Exploring Asymmetric Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Liquid Separation

Composite membranes with asymmetric traits have gained attention in liquid separation, featuring gradient chemical and physical attributes that align or oppose mass transfer direction. Chemically asymmetric configurations harness internal driving forces to heighten separation efficiency, rendering them an appealing option for heightened separation efficiency and fouling prevention. Concurrently, the internal hierarchical structure differences within composite membranes—such as fiber-based structural adjustments and the gradient density of functional layers—yield the dual benefits of effective liquid repelling and heightened transport efficiency. Unlike conventional phase-change methods, electrospinning technology possesses advantages in constructing and governing composite fibrous membrane materials with asymmetric chemistry and hierarchical structures, driven by its adaptable stacking methodologies. Notably, the inherent pore structure of electrospun nanofibrous membranes emerges as a proven solution for minimizing transport resistance. In recent times, interest has surged in electrospun nanofibrous membranes endowed with internal asymmetric properties. However, the spotlight has predominantly graced Janus membranes, spotlighting opposite wettability on different sides, leaving other facets of asymmetric membrane enhancement somewhat underexplored. This comprehensive work unveils recent strides in design, fabrication, facilitated transport mechanisms, and real-world liquid separation applications, all under the aegis of electrospun nanofiber membranes, each endowed with distinct asymmetric properties.     

钢筋混凝土异形柱结构设计浅析

对异形柱结构设计中的一些问题,如计算方法、扭转效应控制、构造措施等进行了分析,供结构设计人员参考.     

Structural Basis of Cysteine Ligase MshC Inhibition by Cysteinyl-Sulfonamides

Mycothiol (MSH), the major cellular thiol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), plays an essential role in the resistance of Mtb to various antibiotics and oxidative stresses. MshC catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-myo-inositol (GlcN-Ins) with l-cysteine (l-Cys) to form l-Cys-GlcN-Ins, the penultimate step in MSH biosynthesis. The inhibition of MshC is lethal to Mtb. In the present study, five new cysteinyl-sulfonamides were synthesized, and their binding affinity with MshC was evaluated using a thermal shift assay. Two of them bind the target with EC₅₀ values of 219 and 231 µM. Crystal structures of full-length MshC in complex with these two compounds showed that they were bound in the catalytic site of MshC, inducing dramatic conformational changes of the catalytic site compared to the apo form. In particular, the observed closure of the KMSKS loop was not detected in the published cysteinyl-sulfamoyl adenosine-bound structure, the latter likely due to trypsin treatment. Despite the confirmed binding to MshC, the compounds did not suppress Mtb culture growth, which might be explained by the lack of adequate cellular uptake. Taken together, these novel cysteinyl-sulfonamide MshC inhibitors and newly reported full-length apo and ligand-bound MshC structures provide a promising starting point for the further development of novel anti-tubercular drugs targeting MshC.     

The Role of Transmembrane Proteins in Plant Growth,Development, and Stress Responses

Transmembrane proteins participate in various physiological activities in plants, including signal transduction, substance transport, and energy conversion. Although more than 20% of gene products are predicted to be transmembrane proteins in the genome era, due to the complexity of transmembrane domains they are difficult to reliably identify in the predicted protein, and they may have different overall three-dimensional structures. Therefore, it is challenging to study their biological function. In this review, we describe the typical structures of transmembrane proteins and their roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. We propose a model illustrating the roles of transmembrane proteins during plant growth and response to various stresses, which will provide important references for crop breeding.     

预应力预制混凝土剪力墙结构直接基于位移的抗震设计方法及应用

该文提出一种采用弹塑性位移谱的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法,对预应力预制混凝土剪力墙结构进行设计,依据初步设计的结构几何参数得到结构的屈服位移,根据大震作用下的设计目标位移,计算相应的延性系数,通过弹塑性位移谱获得结构的周期,从而得到基底剪力,根据基底剪力和倾覆弯矩对剪力墙截面进行设计。然后针对通过该方法设计的4种不同层高的预应力预制剪力墙结构,使用有限元分析软件OpenSees对结构进行弹塑性时程分析,分析结果表明通过直接基于位移的设计实现了预应力预制剪力墙结构的预期抗震性能目标。     

火灾后型钢混凝土框架结构力学性能试验研究及分析

考虑受火时间、荷载比等参数的影响,对火灾后型钢混凝土框架结构的破坏形态、变形性能以及剩余承载力等火灾后性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：火灾后型钢混凝土框架梁出现3个塑性铰而破坏,梁端弯剪变形明显,剪压区混凝土均出现部分脱落。随着受火时间的增加,型钢混凝土框架的剩余承载力逐渐减小。同时,建立了考虑升降温及火灾后全过程的火灾后型钢混凝土框架力学性能分析模型。计算结果与试验结果对比表明,二者吻合较好。可见,提出的模型是正确的。     

空间杆系结构的弹塑性大位移分析

为适当降低杆系结构弹塑性分析的计算量,该文假设单元塑性变形集中于单元端部。在单元端部截面上,将截面分割为若干小块面积,用小块面积中心处材料的弹塑性性能代替整个小块面积的弹塑性性能。通过对小块面积弹塑性性能的分析,得出端部截面的弹塑性刚度,再将其与单元内部弹性部分的截面刚度沿杆长进行Gauss-Lobatto积分,由此获得梁单元的弹塑性刚度矩阵。该文对小面积中心点采用基于材料应变等向强化的弹塑性本构关系,为准确分析杆端截面小块面积的弹塑性应力状态,该文提出了有效的应力调整算法以修正计算过程中偏离屈服面的应力值。数值算例表明,该文方法准确、高效、可靠。     

车辐式屋盖结构的一种索力识别方法的误差研究

基于一种由静力位移测量值识别车辐式结构索力的方法,该文评估了位移测量误差对于索力识别结果的影响,用数值计算及理论推导得到了二者的关系。索力识别误差是位移测量误差的单调函数。在位移值远大于测量误差时,该函数接近线性,否则有明显的非线性。在误差幅值相同的情况下,选择不同的加载及测量方案,索力识别的精度是不同的：单位荷载产生的节点位移越大,索力识别结果的误差就越小。对多种加载-测量方案进行了比选,归纳了制定索力识别方案时应遵循的原则：加载方案应使结构的几何刚度发挥主要作用。对车辐式结构而言,在荷载总量一定的情况下,在半跨或1/4跨布置荷载能获得较好的索力识别结果。