硫化时间对电沉积制备FeS2薄膜组织与结构的影响

利用电沉积及热硫化法制备了FeS2 多晶薄膜,研究了不同硫化时间对FeS2 薄膜形成过程的影响。结果表明采用Na2S2O3 和FeSO4 水溶液电沉积和150~ 200℃处理可以制备多孔Fe3O4 薄膜,再经400℃、80kPa硫化处理,Fe3O4 可转变成FeS2 多晶薄膜。随硫化时间延长到10h,FeS2 的晶格常数减小而晶粒粗化,再继续延长硫化时间,FeS2 的晶格常数增大而晶粒尺寸下降。可以用点缺陷浓度、相变应力及亚晶界运动等因素分析Fe3O4 向FeS2 转变过程中的微观组织参数变化规律。     

O,O′-二异丙基二硫代磷酸钠的合成及其应用研究

以五硫化二磷、无水异丙醇和氢氧化钠为原料，合成了Ｏ，Ｏ′－二异丙基二硫代磷酸酯及其钠盐，优化了工艺条件，产率分别为８５％以上和几乎１００％。将Ｏ，Ｏ′－二异丙基二硫代磷酸钠用作天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶和丁苯橡胶的硫化促进剂作了初步探讨。     

A new thermobalance for studying the kinetics of high-temperature sulfidation of metals

A new thermobalance for studying the high-temperature sulfidation of metals and alloys is described. Results of preliminary investigations of the sulfidation kinetics of iron confirm that this apparatus is entirely suitable for such gravimetric measurements. The weight gains of the sample are recorded exact to 10^–5. The application of the membrane manometer makes possible direct measurements of the sulfur vapor pressure with an accuracy of ±0.2 (tr). Owing to a special construction of vacuum valves, easy access to the reaction chamber is secured, thus eliminating any necessity of cutting the reaction tube.     

改进型INCONEL740镍基合金在模拟煤灰和烟气环境中的腐蚀行为

用SEM、EDX等方法对改进型INCONEL740镍基合金在人工模拟燃煤锅炉中的煤灰和烟气环境中的腐蚀行为进行了分析。结果表明:在750℃条件下,该合金所遭受的腐蚀过程分为两个阶段,开始时伴随着表面Cr2O3保护膜的形成,主要是氧化和硫化腐蚀,随着腐蚀时间增至5 000 h,腐蚀加剧;钴或CoO在合金表面熔盐中的溶解是造成合金腐蚀加剧的主要原因;而内硫化腐蚀则始终存在于腐蚀的进程中;铁含量少的试样比铁含量多的试样耐腐蚀性好。     

High temperature corrosion of silicon nitride composite ceramics in sulfur-oxygen environments

1　INTRODUCTIONSi3N4 compositeceramicswouldbetakenasacandidatematerialsforhightemperatureresistantpartsinmineralfuelconvertingsystems ,suchascoal gasification ,coal fired powergenerationandindustri alwasteincineration ,becauseofitsexcellentoxida tionresistanceandhightemperaturestrength[1] .Inthesesystems ,thecombustiongasmixtureofsulfurandoxygenisthemaincorrosivemedium .Uptonow ,thestudyonhigh temperaturecor rosionofSi3N4 matrixceramicswasmainlyconcen tratedonitsoxidationbehavior[2 8] .T…     

Mechanism of Chromium Oxidation in SO2 at 3 × 104 Pa and 105 Pa

The kinetics, phase composition, and morphology of scales growing on chromium in SO₂ atmospheres were studied over the temperature range 1073–1273 K and SO₂pressures of 3×10⁴ Pa and 10⁵ Pa. It was found that the scales consist mainly of Cr₂O₃, with only small amounts of sulfur (probably CrS) detected next to the metallic substrate. Oxidation proceeds according to the linear rate law at 10⁵ Pa SO₂ whereas at 1173 and 1273 K at 3×10⁴ Pa SO₂ the parabolic rate law is followed. The transport phenomena were studied by means of radiotracer techniques as well as marker techniques. The oxide–sulfide scales grew mainly by outward diffusion of metal; however, inward transport of S₂ or SO₂ molecules was also observed. The mechanisms of sulfide and oxide formation are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.     

The effect of preoxidation on the sulfidation of Ni-20Cr (2–5)Al Alloys

Ni-20Cr alloys with 2, 3.5, and 5 wt.% Al have been preoxidized up to 100 hr at 1000°C in dry H₂, in H₂/23% H₂O and in air and subsequently exposed to an H₂/5% H₂S atmosphere at 750° C. During the preoxidation treatment different types of oxide scales were formed which affect the sulfidation protection in different ways. Optimum results were obtained for alloys with 3.5 and 5 wt.% Al after 20 hr exposure to dry H₂ at 1000°C. A thin Al₂O₃ scale is formed which decreases the sulfur attack by more than one order of magnitude. Preoxidation conditions for Ni-20Cr-2Al alloys in H₂ and for Ni-20Cr-2Al and Ni-20Cr-3.5Al in H₂/H₂O were observed to be less effective. No improvement was found for preoxidation in air or for Ni-20Cr-5Al alloys preoxidized in H₂/H₂O.     

The corrosion of Fe-Mo alloys in H2/H2O/H2S atmospheres

The corrosion of Fe-Mo alloys containing up to 40 wt.% Mo was studied over the temperature range 600–980C in a H₂/H₂O/H₂S mixture having a sulfur pressure of 10^–5 atm. and an oxygen pressure of 10^–20 atm. at 850C. All alloys were two-phase, consisting of an Fe-rich solid solution and an intermetallic compound, Fe₃Mo₂. The scales formed on Fe-Mo alloys were bilayered, consisting of an outer layer of iron sulfide (FeS) and of a complex inner layer whose composition and microstructure were a function of the reaction temperature and of the Mo content of the alloys. No oxides formed under any conditions. The corrosion kinetics followed the parabolic rate law at all temperatures. The addition of Mo caused only a slight decrease of the corrosion rate. Platinum markers were always located at the interface between the inner and outer scales, indicating that outer scale growth was primarily due to outward diffusion of iron, while the inner scale growth had a contribution from inward diffusion of sulfur.     

The corrosion behavior of Ni-Nb alloys in a mixed gas of H2-H2O-H2S

The corrosion behavior of Ni-Nb alloys containing up to 40 wt.% Nb was studied over the temperature range of 550–800°C in a mixed H₂/H₂O/H₂S gas. The scales formed on all alloys were multilayered. The outer scale was single-phase Ni₃S₂, while the structure and constitution of the inner scale depended on alloy composition and reaction conditions. Internal oxidation has been found in Ni-20Nb and Ni-30Nb, external oxidation has been observed on Ni-34Nb. Platinum markers were located at the interface between the outer scale and inner scale. The decrease in corrosion rate with increasing Nb content may be attributed to the presence of increasing amounts of Ni-Nb double sulfides as well as to the presence of Nb₂O₅ in the inner region of the scale.