基于Simulation CFD平台四角切圆燃烧锅炉冷态空气动力场的仿真研究

采用基于CAD的新型计算流体力学软件Simulation CFD,对350MW切圆燃烧锅炉炉内的冷态空气动力场进行了数值模拟研究,分析结果表明,该方法不仅可以方便直观地立体三维显示炉膛内气流的流动情况,而且相比其它传统的计算流体软件如Fluent,Simulation CFD对计算机的要求低,计算速度快,能在较短的时间内完成锅炉炉内流动状态数值模拟,有利于实现锅炉炉内流动问题的快速诊断,为开发基于Simulation CFD平台锅炉在线监测系统奠定了基础。     

单相异步电机噪声、振动测试分析中的几个问题

单相异步电机被广泛用于人们生活中,其噪声及引起噪声的振动大小,直接影响家用电器的质量。本文通过对洗衣机电机的噪声、振动测试分析,说明了用数字信号分析的先进方法与已采用的瞬时断电法、改变转速法等测试分析方法相结合的有利性,并用实例验证了单相异步电机切向振动公式的可行性。     

切向载荷下螺栓结合部静特性分析及试验

为了准确理解螺栓结合部静态特性,基于结合面基础特性建立了螺栓单元结合面解析数学模型,提出了一种等效分步载荷解析算法,可以实现在结合部承受切向载荷时,无需考虑载荷间耦合关系就能对结合部力平衡非线性隐含积分方程组进行快速准确求解。采用自行设计的螺栓结合部切向加载装置进行了结合部扭转和剪切加载试验。试验与解析结果均表明,在切向载荷不超过最大静摩擦力的情况下,螺栓结合面切向变形与外载荷成线性关系。解析与试验结果的一致性验证了模型的正确性,为机械结合面静态特性分析提供了理论和试验支持,求解算法可方便地将结合面研究成果应用于工程实践。     

离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜提高TC17钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术在TC17钛合金表面制各了TiN/Ti复合膜层,研究了膜层的剖面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度、韧性、常规摩擦学性能以及抗高温微动疲劳性能.结果表明:利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术可以获得硬度高、韧性好、膜基结合强度和承载能力优异的TiN/Ti复合膜层,该膜层具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能,能够显著地提高TC17钛合金在350℃高温环境下的常规磨损和微动疲劳抗力.然而,TC17钛合金表面喷丸强化后进行离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜,由于喷丸层残余压应力的显著松弛以及膜层易于开裂和脱落的缘故,微动疲劳抗力则不及喷丸强化或TiN/Ti复合膜单独作用.     

星型无油空压机轴承寿命的估算

全无油空压机的可靠性直接关系到用户的利益。当前随着社会经济的发展,全无油空压机使用范围越来越广泛。对机器的运动机构中轴承选型的依据,有关书籍中理论知识较多,而接触实际的典型例题较少。从我厂开发的系列星型空压机中的四星型XW-3/10-QX机器为蓝本,系统地阐述该机的10只轴承的寿命估计,计算中使用的先行数据参见该机的热力计算书、动力计算书,有关的计算结果以雷达图形式给出。得出的结果形象、直观,可在该机轴承寿命之间相互比较,也可类推到同类机型中作一比较。     

Gas turbine disk-blade attachment crack

Evaluation of a gas turbine disk revealed a crack in the blade attachment area. The subsequent effort to understand the origin of this crack led to a series of analyses that included computing the stresses on the attachment, characterization of fatigue crack growth, and a model for fretting fatigue crack growth. These elements were brought together to simulate the conditions that led to the cracking. It is concluded that the crack was probably caused by fretting fatigue induced by the stresses related to normal takeoff and landing cycles and exacerbated by aircraft maneuvers, and that short periods of blade resonance may have contributed to the cracking. If material had not been removed from the attachment surface of the disk by service-induced wear, it is likely more cracks would have been found.     

钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测研究*

钢丝微动疲劳过程中,钢丝裂纹萌生特性直接影响其裂纹扩展特性,进而制约钢丝微动疲劳寿命,因此开展钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测研究具有重要意义。基于有限元法、摩擦学理论和断裂力学理论,运用Smith-Watson-Topper（SWT）多轴疲劳寿命准则建立考虑磨损的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测模型,基于多种不同的钢丝疲劳参数估算方法对钢丝的微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行了预测,并探究接触载荷、疲劳载荷、交叉角度及钢丝直径等微动疲劳参数对钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响规律。结果表明：基于中值法的预测结果最接近实际值;在微动疲劳过程中,钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命主要与接触载荷和疲劳载荷相关。通过引入微动损伤参数建立简化的适用于钢丝绳的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测模型,通过与考虑磨损的预测模型计算结果进行对比验证了该模型的准确性。     

随钻仪器钻铤的断裂失效分析

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜进行组织观察,通过力学性能测试、微动磨损测试等试验方法,对一种随钻仪器无磁钻铤的断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明,该随钻仪器钻铤在使用过程中发生了微动磨损,在工件过渡锥角根部形成了环形磨损凹槽。环形磨损不仅使钻铤有效直径减小,而且在带有弯曲的复杂载荷下,易在环形磨损处造成很强的应力集中,最终导致工件的断裂。环形磨损的产生是由于工件装配结构所致,但钻铤取材于原材料锻件半径的1/2位置偏内,此处晶粒较为粗大,硬度低,在同等工况下磨损相对严重。     

Mechanical and experimental investigation on nuclear fuel fretting

A mechanical approach to the nuclear fuel fretting problem is studied in this paper to find a possible and efficient way of a wear restraint. Two different contours of the spacer grid spring and dimple were developed to increase the contact area. Fretting wear experiments were carried out for the developed springs and tube specimens. Contact forces of 10 and 30 N, and slip displacements of 50–100 μm were applied under the environment of air as well as water at room temperature. Wear scars on the rods were examined to observe the effect of the mechanical approach on the wear. Especially, the influence of a contour deviation which occurred during fabrication and the wear particle accumulation in the clearance region were investigated in detail. It was found that the contact shape influenced the feature and the behavior of the length, width and volumetric shape of the wear. For the model of fuel fretting wear, equivalent depth (D_e) is suggested as a new parameter that can represent the wear severity.