Investigation of the Correlation between Texture and Microstructure on a Submicrometer Scale in the TEM

In recent years the investigation of local texture and microstructure by analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSP) in the SEM has become a very powerful and popular method. With the introduction of SEM with field emission guns (FEG) the spatial resolution of EBSP measurements could be enhanced from 500 nm with a tungsten emitter to better than 50 nm. This evolution of SEM techniques raises the question whether transmission electron microscopy (TEM) still has fields of application in texture research. The present article answers this question with a clear “yes” and presents three examples of investigations where TEM is indispensable. The three examples comprise the investigation of the correlation between dislocation structure and deformation texture, a study on nucleation mechanisms of recrystallization in highly deformed metals and the investigation of microtexture and microstructure in nanocrystalline materials. Together with the presentation of these cases some of the necessary measurement techniques are described briefly. It is shown that TEM has to be applied when highest spatial resolution of orientation determination and imaging and high accuracy of orientation determination are to be reached, when the three‐dimensional and quantitative characterization of lattice defects is required or when materials with a high density of lattice defects are to be investigated.     

Real-time homogenous translucent material editing

This paper presents a novel method for real-time homogenous translucent material editing under fixed illumination. We consider the complete analytic BSSRDF model proposed by Jensen et al. [ [JMLH01] ], including both multiple scattering and single scattering. Our method allows the user to adjust the analytic parameters of BSSRDF and provides high-quality, real-time rendering feedback. Inspired by recently developed Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) techniques, we approximate both the multiple scattering diffuse reflectance function and the single scattering exponential attenuation function in the analytic model using basis functions, so that re-computing the outgoing radiance at each vertex as parameters change reduces to simple dot products. In addition, using a non-uniform piecewise polynomial basis, we are able to achieve smaller approximation error than using bases adopted in previous PRT-based works, such as spherical harmonics and wavelets. Using hardware acceleration, we demonstrate that our system generates images comparable to [ [JMLH01] ]at real-time frame-rates.     

A visual news processing environment

CPP-TRS (Tonfoni 1989–94) is both a methodology and a language. Through the methodology (CPP — Communicative Positioning Program) those invisible aspects of communication are identified and represented by the meta-language (TRS — Text Representation Systems), which complements natural language. CPP-TRS is a new paradigm which applies to any communicative context.Icons in CPP-TRS are not intended to represent words or sentences in order to substitute them; they are rather intended to represent visually what natural language does not convey naturally. The improvement of communication is a challenge of the present and the future: CPP-TRS is designed explicitly for it.The CPP-TRS system thus is able to support the user with a set of visual tools, that are specifically suited to structuring text and communicating effectively.The same tools can support communication very effectively in situations where ambiguity can highly compromise the final result.The system may be used in a way that is either opaque or transparent to the reader of the text.Author of CPP-TRS¢ and CPP-TRS¢ Applications Designer.     

多级小波分解与LBP融合的纹理提取算法

为提高不同光照、不同角度条件下的纹理识别精度,提出了一种利用多级小波分解和多尺度旋转不变LBP融合的纹理提取算法。算法在传统的LBP特征提取基础上,采用多尺度的旋转不变LBP算子分别对多级小波逼近图像提取直方图序列特征向量,与各级小波能量进行加权融合,获取更多的纹理信息,对光照和角度的变化有更高的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,相对传统的LBP特征提取算法,改进的算法具有更高的纹理识别率。     

多水平外区抑制的轮廓检测

提取自然图像中的物体轮廓是机器视觉研究的重要问题,主要困难在于自然图像中的纹理性边缘严重干扰了物体轮廓的提取。研究表明视皮层方位选择性神经元的非经典感受野机制使得人类视觉系统在处理自然图像时不仅能够抑制纹理性边缘,而且能够增强物体的轮廓。基于此人们提出多种仿生轮廓检测算法,但算法中被称为抑制水平的参量在取值较高时会漏检部分轮廓,而在其取值较低时又会引入过多的纹理性边缘。针对这一问题,提出多水平外区抑制轮廓检测算法,通过整合各级单水平外区抑制的检测信息,有效抑制了纹理性边缘和降低了漏检轮廓的可能性。实验结果表明,相对于传统算法,新算法在轮廓检测性能上提高了10%左右,并具有更好的稳健性。     

基于形变模型的三维人脸建模方法概述

提出一种改进的分区域差值算法,能有效的缩短一般人脸模型的轮廓变换时间。在图像拼接算法中,使用新的加权因子,使重叠区域能平稳的过渡,并且不出现亮度跃变现象。采用新的全视角人脸纹理生成流程,使人脸纹理更加逼真。实验证明,这些改进使三维人脸重建在时间和真实感方面均有较明显的提高。     

车身曲面的光顺品质分析与应用

文章对车身反求工程中曲面光顺的含义、常用光顺检查方法( 曲面曲率法、光照模型法、等高线法、线性变换法)的特点及原理进行论述;介绍CATIA软件Freestyle模块的外形分析功能的使用,其目的是在图形终端屏幕上直观分析曲面光顺品质,满足用户对产品外形的视觉要求,给汽车外观赋予浓郁的时代感.     

Simulation of polycrystalline aluminum tensile test with crystal plasticity finite element method

The crystal plasticity was implemented in the finite element method（FEM） software ABAQUS through the user subroutine UMAT. By means of discretizing the space at the grain level with the Voronoi diagram method, a polycrystal model was built and used in the FEM analysis. The initial orientation of each grain was generated based on the orientation distribution function（ODF）. The developed model was successfully applied in simulation of polycrystalline aluminium samples deformed by the tensile tests. The theoretical strain--stress relation was in good agreement with the experimental result. The simulation results show that the grain size has significant effect on the deformation behavior. The initial plastic deformation usually occurs at grain boundaries, and multiple slip often results in an enhanced local hardening at grain boundaries.     

取向硅钢晶粒取向的不均匀分布及其检测

利用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射检测了取向硅钢板表层和中心部位的宏观织构和微观晶粒取向分布,观察了相应的晶粒组织。结果表明,二次再结晶不彻底的成品钢板的表面会残留非{110}<001>取向的小晶粒,并影响钢板的软磁性能。取向硅钢板表层的晶粒取向分布能够在一定程度上反映出钢板的质量,因此可以借助X射线表面无损检测技术发展取向硅钢织构的工业在线检测技术。     

一种新颖的低层视觉特征到高层语义的映射方法*

通过在低层视觉特征上提取图像的局部颜色和纹理特征,再利用模糊神经网络建立低层视觉特征和高层语义特征之间的映射,实现了图像属性信息的有效传递和可靠检索.最后,为了提高检索效率,把相关反馈引进到图像检索系统中.实验证明,该方法取得了较好的检索查全率和准确率.