Stabilization of highly concentrated suspensions of iron nanoparticles using shear-thinning gels of xanthan gum

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles have recently become subject of great interest in the field of groundwater remediation for their ability to treat a wide variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. However, the field application of this technology is strongly hindered by the lack of stability of NZVI water suspensions.This study demonstrates that highly concentrated NZVI slurries (15 g/L) can be stabilized for more than 10 days adding 6 g/L of xanthan gum biopolymer. Stability against aggregation and sedimentation was achieved in the range of ionic strength 6 × 10⁻³–12 mM and is mainly due to the formation of a viscous gel characterized by shear-thinning behaviour.     

Rheological flow models of banana peel pectin jellies as affected by sugar concentration

In the present study, peel pectin jellies (PPJ) were isolated from banana peel Musa acuminata Colla (AAA, cv ‘Berangan’) varieties using water bath extraction; five jellies were produced, namely, PPJ_68%, PPJ_70%, PPJ_71%, PPJ_72%, and PPJ_76%. The effect of sugar content on the rheology of the PPJ and commercial fruit jelly was conducted at 25°C within 0.05–100 s^?1 shear rate. Flow behaviour was evaluated on the test dispersions while frequency sweeps (E_a) to obtain the viscoelastic (G’ and G”) were performed on the jellies. PPJ dispersion showed shear thinning flow behaviour, a good fit to the Casson model. Sugar concentration does not affect Casson parameters (K_c, K_oc, ?_ca, and σ_oc). Frequency sweep decreased as viscosity increased which revealed high dependence for both G’ and G”. Tan δ for PPJ was more than unity which showed that jelly has less elastic properties. PPJ with the lowest sugar concentration, PPJ_68%, conducted at a high shear rate showed it was compatible with validation of the Cox–Merz rule.     

Preparation of ceramic fibre TEM cross-sections using ultramicrotomy and ion beam thinning methods

The preparation of specimens for detailed TEM microanalysis of micrometre-diameter, ceramic fibre cross-sections is described. The starter material is ceramic fibre in powder form and both ultramicrotomy-based and ion beam thinning-based methods are described. Requirements for specimens of uniform and adequate thinness, for easy selection of representative fibre cross-sections within the same specimen and for a reliable and time-efficient preparation method, resulted in choice of the ultramicrotomy-based method and the associated development of a novel extrusion and sedimentation technique of embedding the fibres to provide necessary pre-alignment and packing.     

猕猴桃果胶的黏度特性与流变性分析

采用冷冻干燥和热风干燥方法制备出猕猴桃果胶(kiwifruit pectin,KP),得到KP1和KP2两种成分,二者的pH值分别为3.16和3.39,主要含有半乳糖醛酸。以羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxy methyl cellulose-Na,CMC-Na)为参照系,采用MCR301旋转流变仪研究4因素(pH值、质量浓度、温度和剪切速率)对KP溶液流变性的影响。结果表明,KP1和KP2溶液黏度较低,在1.0 m Pa·s上下,溶液pH值和质量浓度对其影响有限。研究KP1和KP2溶液黏度与温度倒数1/T间的对数关系并观测到,10~30℃区间内其黏度随温度升高而下降,与CMC-Na溶液黏度变化相似。但40~50℃时其溶液黏度和流动性不完全遵循Arrhenius方程,究其原因,KP1和KP2活化能Ea分别为10.075 kJ/mol和4.510 kJ/mol,它们对温度的敏感性低,而导致其黏度和流动性发生改变。幂律方程对KP1和KP2溶液黏度和剪切速率的关系拟合,二者流动指数n均小于1,符合幂律定律对非牛顿流体特征的解释。因此,KP1和KP2溶液具有较典型的剪切稀化现象和流变性,可归属于非牛顿流体。但KP是一种低黏度果胶,故Arrhenius方程不能有效诠释KP溶液黏度与温度变化的规律。     

用两次键合技术制备均匀单晶硅膜

硅直接键合(SDB)技术用于制备SOI片(BESOI)是键合技术的最重要应用之一,研究了制备BESOI片中的键合和减薄问题,获得了大面积的均匀单晶硅膜,通过实验分析了这种方法获得的薄膜的平整度和影响因素。并针对压力传感器的敏感膜,通过两次键合及SOI自停止腐蚀成功制备了厚度可控的均匀单晶硅薄膜,硅膜表面质量优良,平整度在±0.15μm的范围内。     

基于模糊区域检测的手写汉字笔画提取方法

针对手写汉字笔画提取的重点和难点--模糊区域的识别和解析问题,提出了一种新的基于模糊区域检测的笔画提取算法.该算法首先利用细化算法提取的fork候选点和fork候选点附近的轮廓信息来检测模糊区域;然后利用图模型来对子笔画和模糊区域进行建模,同时通过构造贝叶斯分类器来分析子笔画对的连续性,并通过路径搜索来得到子笔画序列;最后通过进行B样条插值来提取细化后的笔画.对比实验结果表明,该算法不仅能够有效地用于模糊区域检测和笔画提取,而且能够避免细化结果在模糊区域内的形状畸变.     

Heat Transfer Analysis of MHD Power Law Nano Fluid Flow through Annular Sector Duct

Flow and heat transfer analysis of an electrically conducting MHD power law nano fluid is carried out through annular sector duct, under the influence of constant pressure gradient. Two types of nano particles(i.e. Cu and TiO₂) are used in power law nano fluid. Strongly implicit procedure,(SIP) is used to simulate the discretized coupled algebraic equations. It has been observed that volume fraction of nano particles, ? and magnetic field parameter, Ha are favourable for the heat tran...