热活化铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料的制备及性能

以铅锌尾矿为主要原料,添加由矿渣、钢渣、氟石膏混合而成的辅助胶凝材料,以水玻璃和氢氧化钠为碱激发剂制备铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料。通过正交试验,探讨了水玻璃模数、水玻璃掺量及尾矿与辅助胶凝材料质量比对胶凝材料抗压强度的影响,并得出最佳原料配比。通过800 ℃、1 000 ℃、1 200 ℃的热处理,制备热活化铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料,并测试其性能。采用X射线衍射谱、傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对热活化前后尾矿和胶凝材料进行分析表征。结果表明,当水玻璃模数为1.8,水玻璃质量掺比为0.15,尾矿与辅助胶凝材料质量比为7 ∶3时,胶凝材料28 d抗压强度可达到20.68 MPa。胶凝材料内部形成大量水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)与硅铝多聚物构成三维网状结构,覆盖在尾矿晶体表面形成致密整体。当热活化温度为1 000 ℃时,胶凝材料28 d抗压强度达到28.05 MPa。热活化后的尾矿内部结构疏松,利于硅铝质在碱性条件下解聚,同时使得反应体系中生成了更多硅铝多聚体,取代了二聚体为主的C-S-H凝胶,为胶凝材料提供了更优良的抗压强度和早硬特性。此外胶凝材料对Pb、Zn重金属的固定作用极好,大幅降低了尾矿重金属Pb、Zn的毒性浸出浓度,有效解决了尾矿中重金属对周围环境的危害问题。     

pH Responsive Abelmoschus esculentus Mucilage and Administration of Methotrexate: In-Vitro Antitumor and In-Vivo Toxicity Evaluation

The rapid progression in biomaterial nanotechnology apprehends the potential of non-toxic and potent polysaccharide delivery modules to overcome oral chemotherapeutic challenges. The present study is aimed to design, fabricate and characterize polysaccharide nanoparticles for methotrexate (MTX) delivery. The nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage (AEM) and chitosan (CS) by the modified coacervation method, followed by ultra-sonification. The NPs showed much better pharmaceutical properties with a spherical shape and smooth surface of 213.4–254.2 nm with PDI ranging between 0.279–0.485 size with entrapment efficiency varying from 42.08 ± 1.2 to 72.23 ± 2.0. The results revealed NPs to possess positive zeta potential and a low polydispersity index (PDI). The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release of the drug up to 32 h with pH-dependence. Blank AEM -CS NPs showed no in-vivo toxicity for a time duration of 14 days, accompanied by high cytotoxic effects of optimized MTX loaded NPs against MCF-7 and MD-MBA231 cells by MTT assay. In conclusion, the findings advocated the therapeutic potential of AEM/CS NPs as an efficacious tool, offering a new perspective for pH-responsive routing of anticancer drugs with tumor cells as a target.     

矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷及其代谢物原儿茶酸对杂环胺诱导细胞损伤的修复机制

目的：研究矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷（cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,C3G）及其主要代谢物原儿茶酸（protocatechuic acid,PCA）对杂环胺诱导细胞损伤的修复机制。方法：分别采用2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉（2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline,IQ）和2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基-咪唑[4,5-b]吡啶（2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,PhIP）诱导HepG2细胞损伤,利用细胞毒性实验（cell counting kit-8,CCK-8）、Hoechst33258染色法、流式细胞术和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qPCR）技术,评价C3G和PCA对杂环胺诱导损伤细胞的存活情况、细胞周期以及凋亡和DNA损伤关键基因表达的影响。结果：C3G和PCA能够显著提高杂环胺损伤细胞的存活率（P<0.05）,并使细胞发生S期阻滞。与IQ单独损伤组相比,C3G和PCA均可...     

Disruption of Membrane Integrity as a Molecular Initiating Event Determines the Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Depending on the Routes of Exposure

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), a cationic biocide, is widely used in household products due to its strong bactericidal activity and low toxicity. However, it causes fatal lung damage when inhaled. In this study, we investigated why PHMG-P causes fatal lung injury when inhaled, and demonstrated that the disruption of membrane integrity through ionic interaction—a molecular initiating event of PHMG-P—determines toxicity. Mice were injected intravenously with 0.9 or 7.2 mg/kg PHMG-P (IV group), or instilled intratracheally with 0.9 mg/kg PHMG-P (ITI group); they were euthanatized at 4 h and on days 1 and 7 after treatment. Increased total BAL cell count and proinflammatory cytokine production, along with fibrotic changes in the lungs, were detected in the ITI group only. Levels of hepatic enzymes and hepatic serum amyloid A mRNA expression were markedly upregulated in the 7.2 mg/kg IV and ITI groups at 4 h or day 1 after treatment, but returned to baseline. No pathological findings were detected in the heart, liver, or kidneys. To simulate the IV injection, A549, THP-1, and HepG2 cells were treated with PHMG-P in cell culture media supplemented with different serum concentrations. Increased serum concentration was associated with an increase in cell viability. These results support the idea that direct contact between PHMG-P and cell membranes is necessary for PHMG-induced toxicity.     

铜及铜合金作为免疫和抗菌元素的综述（英文）

讨论铜与人、细菌之间的关系。铜在人体免疫中发挥重要作用。在推荐摄入量下,铜可以增强人体的免疫防御反应。本文主要讨论铜的抗菌活性和抗菌机制。结论表明,铜的抗菌活性受细菌中铜稳态机制、粘附、湿度、菌株特异性以及抗菌剂制备方法的影响。对于颗粒抗菌和表面抗菌材料,讨论几种制备方法,如溶胶-凝胶法、冷喷涂法和生物合成法,分别属于化学合成、物理合成和生物合成法。溶胶-凝胶法有助于颗粒抗菌和表面抗菌材料的制备;冷喷涂技术可以应用于表面抗菌铜的合成;生物合成是一种可应用于纳米颗粒抗菌剂制备的新技术。     

不同化学杀菌剂与多抗霉素混配对压砂西瓜炭疽病的联合生物活性及田间防效

[目的]明确不同化学杀菌剂与生物农药多抗霉素混配对宁夏压砂西瓜炭疽病的防治效果。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法、Wadley法和田间喷雾法,测定了4种化学杀菌剂对压砂西瓜炭疽病的室内生物活性和田间防效,并将活性较强、防效较优的化学农药与多抗霉素混配测定其对西瓜炭疽病的协同增效作用。[结果]筛选出防治压砂西瓜炭疽病效果较佳的化学杀菌剂咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯2种,并确定了其与多抗霉素的最佳质量配比分别为1∶2、1∶3,平均防效可达82%,均高于单剂防效。[结论]咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯可作为宁夏压砂西瓜炭疽病防治的首选化学药剂,与多抗霉素混配对西瓜炭疽病防效优于单剂,可降低化学农药使用量和减少农药抗药性,不同药剂组合可交替使用。     

发光细菌DH132的筛选、鉴定及其在氯霉素生物毒性测定中的应用

利用药敏纸片法,从本实验室保存的发光细菌中筛选出一株对氯霉素敏感的细菌DH132。通过生理生化特征鉴定并利用16SrDNA序列分析的方法,鉴定细菌DH132为哈维氏弧菌。通过在细菌培养液中添加不同浓度的氯霉素溶液,研究了氯霉素浓度与细菌发光强度抑制率之间的关系。结果表明,当氯霉素浓度为80ng/mL和160ng/mL时,对细菌发光的抑制率分别达到10%和50%。氯霉素浓度在0~60ng/mL,60~140ng/mL,140ng/mL~200ng/mL和200~1000ng/mL之间,细菌发光抑制率与氯霉素浓度分别具有很好的线性关系。相对应的回归方程分别为y=0.0627x-0.0233;y=0.3599x-18.276;y=0.7527x-70.219;y=0.0195x 75.964,回归曲线R2值分别为0.9805,0.9918,0.9502和0.9731。     

2019—2022年聊城市食品和病例分离单增李斯特菌基于全基因组测序的分子特征及耐药性分析

目的 基于全基因组测序（WGS）比较分析2019—2022年聊城市单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Lm）食品和病例分离株基因组特征、毒力性、耐药性以及遗传多样性。方法 对聊城市33株市售食品和临床病例中Lm分离株开展抗生素敏感性试验和WGS。利用MGAP对WGS数据进行拼接组装,对组装基因组进行基因预测和功能注释、MLST,制作cg MLST最小生成树图,并与美国国家生物信息中心（NCBI）上获取的18株国内外Lm构建wg-SNP进化树。结果 33株Lm分离株的基因组大小为2.89～3.41 Mb,CG含量为37.81%～37.97%,可分为6个ST型（ST9、ST121、ST8、ST87、ST155、ST101）,分别属于6个克隆复合群（CC9、CC121、CC8、CC87、CC155、CC101）;分离株均携带fosX和mprF耐药基因,此外还携带lplA1、prsA2等其他18个毒力基因,有不同程度的毒力基因缺失情况。2株菌对四环素耐药,1株菌对林可霉素耐药。均携带毒力岛LIPI-1和LIPI-2,未检测到毒力岛LIPI-3和LIPI-4。wg-SNPs、cgMLST和基于单拷贝核心蛋白序列的系统发育树遗传进化分析显示,33株Lm分子分型呈现高度多样性,病例来源菌株与食品分离株亲缘关系密切,食品分离株与国外暴发分离株在进化关系上密切相关。结论 山东省聊城市食品和病例中分离的单增李斯特菌均携带毒力基因,具有一定的潜在致病能力,耐药情况尚不严重。分子型别呈现出多样性,食品来源菌株和病例分离株具有较近的亲缘关系,提示市售食品有食源性感染的潜在风险。     

Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio

In aquatic organisms, cadmium exposure occurs from ovum to death and the route of absorption is particularly wide, being represented by skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract, through which contaminated water and/or preys are ingested. It is known that cadmium interferes with the gut; however, less information is available on cadmium effects on an important component of the gut, namely goblet cells, specialized in mucus synthesis. In the present work, we studied the effects of two sublethal cadmium concentrations on the gut mucosa of Danio rerio. Particular attention was paid to changes in the distribution of glycan residues, and in metallothionein expression in intestinal cells. The results show that cadmium interferes with gut mucosa and goblet cells features. The effects are dose- and site-dependent, the anterior gut being more markedly affected than the midgut. Cadmium modifies the presence and/or distribution of glycans in the brush border and cytoplasm of enterocytes and in the goblet cells’ cytoplasm and alters the metallothionein expression and localization. The results suggest a significant interference of cadmium with mucosal efficiency, representing a health risk for the organism in direct contact with contamination and indirectly for the trophic chain.