壬基酚对雄性孔雀鱼的慢性毒性效应

采用半静态慢性毒性试验方法,探讨了壬基酚长期暴露对雄性孔雀鱼的毒性效应。结果表明,1日龄孔雀鱼暴露于壬基酚90天,生长受到抑制,性比偏向雌性,肝脏指数升高,性腺指数降低,说明壬基酚具有雌激素效应,能影响孔雀鱼的生长和发育,特别是对其生殖发育有重大影响。     

镰刀菌毒素生殖发育毒性研究进展

镰刀菌毒素是指镰刀菌属的毒性代谢产物,其中单端孢霉烯族毒素是粮食中最常见的一类污染性镰刀菌毒素,可以引起人或动物急性、慢性毒性作用,部分霉菌毒素已证明具有致突变性及致癌性。流行病学及体内、体外实验研究结果表明,部分镰刀菌毒素对人或动物生殖细胞、受孕、妊娠、分娩、哺乳等亲代生殖机能以及对其子代胚胎-胎儿发育、出生后发育产生不良影响。本文对镰刀菌毒素生殖、发育毒性研究及其进展进行综述。     

染料木黄酮的雌性生殖毒性及其对卵母细胞成熟的影响

染料木黄酮(GEN)是一种植物雌激素,属大豆异黄酮,由染料木苷经肠道细菌和肠细胞酶代谢活化而形成,具有内分泌干扰作用.其生殖毒性引起国内外学者的广泛关注,过量摄入GEN可引起动物(包括雌性与雄性)生殖系统结构与功能异常,但GEN的雌性生殖毒性作用机制尚不清楚.卵母细胞是维持正常雌性生殖的生理基础,是外源性化学毒性作用的潜在靶点.有研究表明,染料木黄酮可干扰哺乳动物卵母细胞的成熟过程,这可能是染料木黄酮生殖毒性的作用机制之一.不过,目前GEN影响卵母细胞成熟的机制尚不明确,有待进一步阐明.     

离子液体的安全性研究进展

作为环境友好的“绿色溶剂”, 离子液体发展迅猛, 取得了令人瞩目的成果。作为新物质的离子液体, 其毒性、降解性、环境相容性等安全性问题已日趋成为人们必须高度重视解决的问题。受传统思想的影响, 有关离子液体安全性研究还是滞后于其应用研究。为此, 对离子液体的安全性进行综述就显得格外必要。本文对离子液体的细胞毒性、微生物毒性、高等动植物毒性和影响其毒性的离子液体本身的构效特性, 离子液体对环境作用性以及其降解性等安全性问题进行了简要综述, 并对离子液体安全性研究趋势作了展望。     

Isolation,identification, and decolorization capabilities of strain ZW-4 for Pigment Red 23

A strain ZW-4 with remarkable ability to decolorize the Pigment Red 23 was isolated from aerobic sludge by the method of concentration gradient domestication. The strain was identified as Prototheca sp. according to its morphological characters and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Experiments on the effect of decolorization conditions were carried out under aerobic conditions. The results showed that the best nutrient source was yeast powder, and the optimum conditions were 1% yeast powder, 5% inoculum, pH 7.5, temperature 35 °C, and salinity less than 4%. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate of Pigment Red 23 (initial concentration of 100 mg L^?1) was more than 91% when the strain ZW-4 was cultivated for 18 h. The strain also showed better salt tolerance property, which ranged from 6 to 8%. Besides, spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that the decolorization mechanism of Pigment Red 23 was mainly biological degradation. Furthermore, toxicity tests indicated that the toxicity of Pigment Red 23 after decolorization had reduced noticeably with the strain ZW-4.     

Deployment of an attractive toxic sugar bait system (ATSB) with insecticide,for adult Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Tribolium castaneum is a critical stored-grain pest of nuts and cereals. Insecticides have traditionally been used to control it; however, their overuse can result in the development of insecticide resistance. Effective bait pesticides could be useful tools for slowing down the rate of insecticide-resistance development and improving the management of stored grain pests. Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) systems are used with mosquitoes and flies; they lure pests with liquid foods that contain sugars but also an oral toxin. It is unknown whether the ATSB system is applicable to T. castaneum adults who prefer dry food products with reduced water content. The objective of this study is to develop an optimal ATSB system for T. castaneum control. Thus far, it found that T. castaneum consumed a gypsum block. The dietary intake of T. castaneum adult beetles was facilitated with added mannitol into gypsum block. Combining insecticides that are oral toxins of the pests with these facilitating sugars results in the death of the pest. Spirotetramat causes a significant reduction in fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In this investigation, we have demonstrated that spirotetramat, at low concentrations, was lethal to T. castaneum adults, when used with the ATSB system, combined with mannitol. The lethality of chlorfenapyr, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, to adult T. castaneum did not increase when used in the ATSB system with mannitol. These results show that the active ingredient used in the ATSB system is integral for beetle control. Increasing the oral delivery rate of insecticides using carbohydrates leads to increased lethality rates of stored-grain pests.     

梁王茶水提物急性毒性评价

以掌叶梁王茶叶为原料,研究其水提物的急性毒性及半数致死量LD50。结果表明：梁王茶水提物经口LD50>15000 mg/kg?bw,属于实际无毒物质。与对照组相比,灌胃2521~15000 mg/kg?bw梁王茶水提物对雌性和雄性小鼠的体重增量无显著影响（p>0.05）,对雌鼠心、脾和肺脏器系数、血清ALT、AST和肌酐水平均无显著影响（p>0.05）,对雄鼠肺和肾脏器系数、血清ALT水平均无显著影响（p>0.05）。极高剂量梁王茶水提物使雌性（剂量≥7350 mg/kg?bw）和雄性（剂量≥5145 mg/kg?bw）小鼠的血清尿素水平显著高于空白对照组（p<0.05）,说明极高剂量梁王茶水提物对肾脏有一定毒性。急性毒性研究表明,梁王茶水提物经口LD50>15000 mg/kg?bw,属于实际无毒物质,极高剂量时其对肾脏有一定毒性。     

Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of jering beans (Archidendron jiringa) in normal and diabetic rats

BACKGROUND: Jering (Archidendron jiringa) is eaten in the tropics and traditionally extolled for treating diabetes, high blood pressure and eliminating bladder stones. Jering contains an unusual amino acid—djenkolic acid (S,S′‐methylenebiscysteine)—which may form sharp crystals in the urinary tract, causing pain and haematuria. This study evaluates the beneficial and toxic effects of dietary jering on tissues and organs in normal and diabetic rats. RESULTS: Dietary jering administered orally to diabetic rats significantly reduced the blood glucose in the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats to normal levels after about 12 weeks. Jering improved the rats' appetite, body weight, organ oxidative status and number of active islets of Langerhans in both diabetic and normal rats, after 15 weeks of treatment. Although dietary jering showed beneficial effects to diabetic eye lens, lung and pancreas, it caused hypertrophy and lesions to the heart, kidney, liver, lung and pancreas of normal rats. CONCLUSION: Chronic jering consumption showed toxic effects to the heart, kidney, liver and pancreas of normal rats but produced some beneficial effects to diabetic rats. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

红曲霉桔霉素

红曲霉在我国的应用源远流长，但桔霉素问题在一定程度上限制了红曲霉的深度开发。本文介绍了红曲霉桔霉素的理化性质、毒性、抑菌性、检测方法、生物合成途径及基因克隆等内容。     

微生物传感器在食品分析中的应用

微生物传感器是以活体微生物细胞为感应元件, 感应需要测定的靶标物质浓度并按照一定规律转换为可识别信号的检测装置。早期的微生物传感器以微生物测定和微生物电极的形式出现, 近年来随着分子生物学和合成生物学技术的进步, 基因工程类微生物传感器迅速发展, 并且由于其成本低、使用便捷、功能扩展性强等优势, 使其在食品安全领域具有良好的应用潜力。本文介绍了微生物传感器的发展历程和基本原理, 总结了微生物传感器在食品安全检测、食品品质分析、食品安全毒性评估、食品污染脱毒等方面的最新研究成果, 分析了微生物传感器发展趋势和当前的技术瓶颈。本综述可为食品安全快速检测技术研究和应用人员提供信息和技术参考, 推动微生物传感器领域的进一步发展。