Rheological Characteristics of Apple Skin and Apple Firmness

The modulus and breaking strength of the skins of different apples were measured: McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Empire stored under controlled atmosphere; McIntosh stored at 1.7°C without atmospheric control, and Honey Crisp and Crimson Gala grown under light and heavy crop conditions. The moduli of the skins of Honey Crisp and Crimson Gala were lower (P < 0.05), than those of Empire, McIntosh, and Red Delicious. Peak puncture force values of McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Empire were lower (P < 0.05) than those of Crimson Gala and Honey Crisp; the contribution of the skin of the Honey Crisp apples to the peak force was least among all the studied apples.     

激光微束穿刺法获得抗虫转基因油菜及其后代的研究

利用激光微束穿刺法将苏云金芽孢杆菌的毒蛋白 (δ endotoxin)基因导入了油菜 ,经聚合酶催化链式反应(PCR)和PCRSouthern杂交证明抗虫基因已导入油菜基因组中并能在T1 代得到遗传。对转基因植株进行了抗虫性测试 ,结果表明某些植株具有较好的抗虫性 ,并且这种抗虫性在T1 代仍能保持。实验结果表明抗虫基因已整合进油菜基因组并得到了稳定的遗传。     

青蒿琥酯对盲肠结扎穿孔术脓毒症小鼠的保护作用

目的: 探讨青蒿琥酯(AS)对盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)脓毒症小鼠的保护作用及其可能机制。方法: 采用CLP制作小鼠脓毒症模型,术后0、4、24、48h重复肌肉注射AS,观察7 d内CLP小鼠的死亡率;检测术后4、8 h血浆脂多糖(LPS)、TNF-α、IL-6水平;术后8 h小鼠肺脏组织形态的变化。结果: AS 明显降低CLP小鼠的死亡率(P<0.05)及血浆LPS、TNF-α和IL-6水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),减轻肺组织的损伤 。结论: AS对CLP小鼠具有显著的保护作用 ,该作用可能与其降低血浆LPS水平、减少促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6的释放和减轻组织脏器的损伤有关。     

球形电容器的最佳尺寸设计

讨论了在限定最大耐压值及介质的击穿场强的情况下,同心球形电容器的最佳尺寸设计。     

Turbo码在无线视频传输的误码保护及方案

由于无线信道的时变、高误码等特性,要求信道编码方式有较强的抗误码能力,而且能够自适应无线信道状态的变化。码率匹配删余Turbo码能实现这样的编码要求,并使用tr-s交织器,使其对视频流进行保护。本文介绍了Turbo码在移动通信信道的应用,并讨论了新的自适应调制及不等差错保护方案。     

Sepsis Encephalopathy Is Partly Mediated by miR370-3p-Induced Mitochondrial Injury but Attenuated by BAM15 in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Sepsis Male Mice

BAM15 (a mitochondrial uncoupling agent) was tested on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice with in vitro experiments. BAM15 attenuated sepsis as indicated by survival, organ histology (kidneys and livers), spleen apoptosis (activated caspase 3), brain injury (SHIRPA score, serum s100β, serum miR370-3p, brain miR370-3p, brain TNF-α, and apoptosis), systemic inflammation (cytokines, cell-free DNA, endotoxemia, and bacteremia), and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage (Evan’s blue dye and the presence of green fluorescent E. coli in brain after an oral administration). In parallel, brain miR arrays demonstrated miR370-3p at 24 h but not 120 h post-CLP, which was correlated with metabolic pathways. Either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF-α upregulated miR370-3p in PC12 (neuron cells). An activation by sepsis factors (LPS, TNF-α, or miR370-3p transfection) damaged mitochondria (fluorescent color staining) and reduced cell ATP, possibly through profound mitochondrial activity (extracellular flux analysis) that was attenuated by BAM15. In bone-marrow-derived macrophages, LPS caused mitochondrial injury, decreased cell ATP, enhanced glycolysis activity (extracellular flux analysis), and induced pro-inflammatory macrophages (iNOS and IL-1β) which were neutralized by BAM15. In conclusion, BAM15 attenuated sepsis through decreased mitochondrial damage, reduced neuronal miR370-3p upregulation, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. BAM15 is proposed to be used as an adjuvant therapy against sepsis hyperinflammation.     

穿刺测试和 fisher 判别法在葡萄贮藏期间质地评价的应用

本实验的目的是利用统计学方法验证所编辑的10个穿刺测试参数在贮藏期间葡萄软化过程中是否有测试意义,是否可以代表葡萄浆果的整体质构特点。同时找出评价贮藏期葡萄质地差异的最关键的质构参数,为贮藏期葡萄质地评价提供理论依据。将意大利、巨峰、白罗莎里奥和马奶4个不同品种的葡萄分别通过冷库模拟冷库贮藏条件,通过恒温恒湿箱模拟运输和货架贮藏条件,得到葡萄浆果穿刺参数在不同贮藏条件下的测量值,并对其进行判别分析。结果表明:在温度高于0℃（运输或货架）贮藏期间葡萄软化过程中所编辑的10个穿刺参数有测试意义,可以区分出葡萄在不同贮藏期的质构变化,也很好的总结了整条力-位移穿刺曲线,可以代表葡萄浆果整体的质构特点。在温度0℃（冷库贮藏）贮藏期间葡萄软化过程中所编辑的10个穿刺参数对葡萄质构的区分度不大,没有实际测试意义。其中,果皮硬度、果皮刚度以及浆果形变度是评价贮藏期质地变化最关键的参数。      

~（131）Ⅰ－碘化油内照射治疗肝癌的初步观察

报道了１３１Ⅰ－碘化油经肝动脉注射（Ａ法）或Ｂ超导向经皮穿刺注射（Ｂ法）治疗２０例肝癌的初步观察．放射性核素显像证实１３１Ⅰ－碘化油主要浓集于肿瘤内。Ａ法及Ｂ法的癌肝比值分别为３．８７±２．７７及９．１５±３．４１；１３１Ⅰ－碘化油在癌内的有效半减期分别为４．７±１．９２ｄ及６．２２±０．６１ｄ，肺内放射性（肺／肺＋肝）为１３．１９±３．０１％及５．１９±２．２８％，说明Ｂ法的生物学分布优于Ａ法。临床结果ＡＦＰ下降占６４．３％，肿瘤缩小占６６．７％，除有短暂发热及胆红质、ＳＧＰＴ增高外，未见其它毒副反应．     

经皮恒河猴肝纤维化模型超声引导下肝脏穿刺介绍

目的:观察超声引导下恒河猴肝穿刺活体组织检查技术在动物实验中的应用情况,探讨超声引导下经皮恒河猴肝脏穿刺活检的价值和意义。方法:采用PHILIPS i U22超声仪、9~3 MHz探头、Bard 16G活检枪及活检针对22只恒河猴肝纤维化疾病进行穿刺,对穿刺组织进行病理检查。结果:22只恒河猴均穿刺成功,病理学染色良好,能够进行肝脏疾病的病理分析和诊断。结论:在动物实验中,超声引导下肝脏穿刺活检术是一项微创、安全、方便的取材方法,能确定肝脏损害的病理性质,对实验动物疾病模型诊断和治疗有重要的临床价值。