纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及自清洁性能研究

通过溶胶一凝胶法在普通钠钙玻璃表面制备均匀透明的纳米TiO2自清洁薄膜。探讨了薄膜制备的工艺条件，并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外分光光度计对薄膜的晶型、晶粒大小和透光率进行了表征，研究了在紫外光照射下薄膜的光催化性能及亲水性能。结果表明，制得的TiO2薄膜具有较强的自清洁性能。     

Effects of Indium Doping on the Properties of Cd1-xMnxTe Crystals

通过近红外和红外透过谱表征,确定出掺铟后碲锰镉晶体透过率迅速下降,这是晶格吸收和自由载流子吸收共同作用的结果;而光致发光谱的分析结果表明,掺杂后施主-受主对峰增加,受主束缚激子峰减弱,且随着In含量的增加,受主束缚激子峰消失,只剩下施主-受主对峰。这一系列变化是因为替代的In原子作为施主补偿了Cd空位的缘故。拉曼光谱的测量显示,In掺杂导致"类CdTe"的纵向光学声子峰减弱;而磁学的测试结果则说明In的引入几乎不引起碲锰镉晶体磁化强度的变化。     

Transparent organic materials made from copolymerization of styrene with urethane‐methacrylate macromer. II. Macromer mixture system

A urethane‐methacrylate (UM) macromer mixture was prepared by reacting tolylene diisocyanate with a mixture of 1,4‐butylene glycol (as the rigid glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol), followed by end capping with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The transparent polymeric material was fabricated by copolymerizing the macromer mixture with styrene. The effects of the styrene content and the composition of the macromer mixture on the properties were studied. The results showed that the material displayed a unique balance of excellent transparency, high heat resistance, good impact strength, and low water absorption, especially when the soft macromer (UM2) content was 20 or 40%. The visible light transmittance was more than 90%, and the refractive index was much higher than that of poly(methyl methacrylate). All properties were extensively regulated according to practical demand. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 674–679, 2001     

常压制备疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶及透光率分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过常压干燥制备了疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶。研究了pH、水解时间等因素对二氧化硅气凝胶透光率的影响。以正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过酸（草酸）-碱（氨水）两步催化,采用溶胶-凝胶法常压干燥制备了疏水型介孔二氧化硅气凝胶。正硅酸四乙酯、乙醇、草酸、氨水物质的量比为1∶4∶5∶0.2,草酸和氨水的浓度分别为0.008、0.05 mol/L时,采用二甲基二氯硅烷为改性剂常压制备了二氧化硅气凝胶。透射电镜、扫描电镜测试表明：二氧化硅气凝胶具有纳米介孔结构。接触角测定表明：二氧化硅气凝胶与水的接触角为148°,表现出疏水性。     

透明聚氨酯材料的研究进展及其应用

透明聚氨酯材料由于具有良好的光学性能、耐热性、耐磨性和机械性能可调控性,引起了科研工作者的极大兴趣。文章就国内外关于透明聚氨酯材料的合成过程及应用进行分类总结,分析了透明聚氨酯材料合成方法,指出各种合成方法的优缺点,并提出了透明聚氨酯材料发展的方向。     

大气透过率对红外系统作用距离的影响分析

红外系统的作用距离是评价系统探测能力的重要性能指标。研究了大气传输介质对中红外探测波段的影响,计算了典型飞行目标中红外辐射在大气中的传输,分析了红外系统作用距离随相对湿度和大气能见度的变化。结果表明:红外系统作用距离随相对湿度的增加而减小,随能见度的增加而增大。对于800 K的目标,在能见度小于8 km的浑浊大气中,8~12 μm 探测波段的作用距离大于3~5 μm。在中等及良好能见度时,8~12 μm探测波段的作用距离小于3~5 μm波段。为红外探测跟踪系统的设计、性能指标考核与评价提供参考。     

基于MODTRAN的光波大气透射率模型设计

由于红外辐射等光波在地球大气中传输会受到大气吸收、散射等作用的影响,因此研究光波在大气中的传输特性成为了一项重要的课题。本文主要通过对可见光和红外波段光波在大气中传输机理的研究,建立透射率模型来反映大气对光波传输的衰减作用。通过仿真计算出各个波段的光波在大气中传输的衰减结果,并利用MODTRAN软件计算结果对透射率模型进行比较分析。研究结果表明：透射率模型和MODTRAN软件仿真所得光波的透射率都在40%~100%之间变化,且变化曲线趋势一致性较好。所得结果真实有效,对工程实际有一定的作用。     

SiO_2掺杂（PEO）_8-LiClO_4固体电解质的性能研究

通过正硅酸乙酯水解得到的SiO2溶胶,掺杂于（PEO）8-LiClO4固体电解质体系中。得到厚度约为130μm性能良好的聚合物电解质薄膜,利用交流阻抗法测定聚合物电解质的电导率,通过红外光谱对聚合物电解质薄膜的基团状态进行分析研究。结果表明掺杂SiO2后（PEO）8-LiClO4固体电解质的室温电导率有很大提高,在SiO2质量分数为10%时最高,达到2.522×10-6S/cm;温度的升高有利于电导率的提升,电导率与温度关系遵循Arrhenius方程,在lgσ-1000/T曲线上以为PEO的熔点为转折点,体现为两条斜率不同的直线,在80℃时体系的离子电导率为6.852×10-6 S/cm。红外光谱、XRD分析表明,加入SiO2后PEO的结晶度降低,体系不定形相增加,有利于离子电导率的提高。对该电解质薄膜进行了透光率测定,表明各组分下该薄膜透光率基本保持在96%以上,确定了将其应用于电致变色器件的可能性。     

Optical,electrical and morphological properties of transparent binary doped polyaniline thin films synthesized by in situ chemical bath deposition

The development of polymeric thin films has attracted attention in the optoelectronics field due to their transparency. The aim of the research presented was to obtain transparent polyaniline thin films by easy in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate in the presence of a binary doping agent–poly(vinyl alcohol) mixture. Poly(acrylic acid), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid or sodium dodecylsulfate were mixed with hydrochloric acid to form the binary doping agents. Polyaniline thin films were produced during aniline polymerization on Corning glass slides immersed in the mixture in order to study their optical, electrical and morphological properties. The optical absorption coefficient and the energy band gap were evaluated by optical transmission of the films in the UV‐visible spectral region. The optical absorption coefficient of all polyaniline films was of the order of 10⁴ cm^?1 with a maximum transmittance up to 80% at 550 nm. In order to investigate the effect of the mixture on the surface morphology and roughness of the films, atomic force microscopy was used. In general, surface roughness was reduced threefold by adding a mixture and optical transmission was increased by 20–30% without significantly affecting the absorption coefficient and the band gap of polyaniline. Islands and needle‐like structures on the film surfaces were obtained from various mixtures affecting the conductivity; for example, 0.17 S cm^?1 was obtained from needle‐like morphology, while 1.9 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 was obtained from island morphology. Raman spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) in the thin films. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

热处理对99.5Ge_(23)Se_(67)Sb_(10)-0.5CsCl玻璃组织和性能的影响

文中运用热处理的方法来提高99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl红外玻璃的力学性能.采用XRD、SEM、FTIR和显微硬度计研究了热处理对99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl玻璃组织和性能的影响.研究结果发现:当保温温度低于310℃时,随着保温时间的延长,99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl材料析晶数目增多而尺寸变小,材料组织细化;红外透过率缓慢降低而硬度较好.当保温温度等于或高于310℃时,随着保温时间延长,材料内部晶粒粗大,透红外性能急剧变差且硬度变差.当玻璃在290℃下保温40h后,其维氏硬度可达2 121.49MPa,比热处理前提高了20%左右,并且红外透过率在8~12μm波段仍保持在60%以上.