电厂循环水处理技术的发展

火电厂循环水是耗水大项,减少循环水耗损的技术途径是提高循环冷却水系统的浓缩倍率。要提高循环水的浓缩倍率,就必须对循环水进行必要的处理,本文对电厂的常用循环水处理技术进行了介绍。     

PLC和触摸屏在热处理线上的应用

为实现热处理生产线的自动控制,将PLC和触摸屏相结合设计了一条具有较好人机互交的自动化生产线.阐述了整个系统的控制要求,重点介绍了该热处理工艺过程控制系统的硬件组成、软件设计及工作原理.     

磁处理的防垢除垢试验和机理探讨

通过中试研究表明,磁处理能使循环冷却水的水质达标,炭钢A3和炭达96.5%和97.4%.对磁处理防垢除垢的机理进行探讨,认为磁处理防垢除垢的实质是同晶异构现象生成同晶异构体,使碳酸钙生成能量较高的胶体碳酸钙、球霰石和霰石,不易结垢,并通过水溶液传递能量,老垢脱落,并用此机理解释了磁处理的"记忆"效应.     

热处理对钼铜奥氏体不锈钢组织和耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺(不同固溶温度和固溶时间)对钼铜奥氏体不锈钢析出物含量和形态的影响,以及在不同固溶温度下材料的耐腐蚀磨损性能.试验结果表明,钼铜奥氏体不锈钢析出物随固溶温度的升高和固溶时间的延长而增多,其形态也由针棒网状长成块状;在纯磨损环境下,1100 ℃×8 h空冷下的奥氏体不锈钢析出物数量最多,耐磨损性能最好;而在有酸的腐蚀磨损环境介质中,950 ℃×8 h空冷的热处理工艺下的材料耐腐蚀磨损性能最佳.     

臭氧预处理-常规处理-深层过滤组合工艺的生产性试验

针对广东饮用水源的水质特点,采用臭氧预处理—常规处理—深层过滤组合工艺对微污染水源水进行生产性试验,结果表明:当进水浊度、CODMn、氨氮、铁、细菌总数和大肠菌群等分别为8.44～112.09NTU,1.13～2.98mg/L,0.07～0.31mg/L,0.65～9.74mg/L,3.2×103～3.6×103CFU/mL和1.6×103CFU/100mL时,出水各指标分别为0.09～0.68NTU,0～0.79mg/L,小于0.02mg/L,小于0.01mg/L,未检出和小于3CFU/100mL;年平均去除率分别为99.15%,80.33%,84.89%,94.17%,100%和近100%。该工艺出水水质好,抗冲击负荷能力强,运行平稳。     

Replacing the Burden of the Gluten Free Diet: Then,Now, and the Future

Without a doubt, a majority of diseases are food-pattern-related. However, one disease stands out as an increasingly more common autoimmune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Celiac disease (CD) is an old disease, with changing clinical patterns, affecting any age, including infancy and adolescence, and becoming more frequent among the elderly. The gluten-free diet (GFD) has been the sole provider of clinical, serological, and histological improvement for patients with CD for more than seven decades. Nowadays, complete avoidance of dietary gluten is rarely possible because of the wide availability of wheat and other processed foods that contain even more gluten, to the detriment of gluten-free products. Undeniably, there is a definite need for replacing the burdensome GFD. An add-on therapy that could control the dietary transgressions and inadvertent gluten consumption that can possibly lead to overt CD should be considered while on GFD. Nevertheless, future drugs should be able to provide patients some freedom to self-manage CD and increase food independence, while actively reducing exposure and mucosal damage and alleviating GI symptoms. Numerous clinical trials assessing different molecules have already been performed with favorable outcomes, and hopefully they will soon be available for patient use.     

Fluid Biomarkers in HPV and Non-HPV Related Oropharyngeal Carcinomas: From Diagnosis and Monitoring to Prognostication—A Systematic Review

Biomarkers are crucial in oncology, from detection and monitoring to guiding management and predicting treatment outcomes. Histological assessment of tissue biopsies is currently the gold standard for oropharyngeal cancers, but is technically demanding, invasive, and expensive. This systematic review aims to review current markers that are detectable in biofluids, which offer promising non-invasive alternatives in oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs). A total of 174 clinical trials from the PubMed search engine in the last 5 years were identified and screened by 4 independent reviewers. From these, 38 eligible clinical trials were found and subsequently reviewed. The biomarkers involved, categorized by human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, were further divided according to molecular and cellular levels. Recent trials investigating biomarkers for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPCs have approaches from various levels and different biofluids including plasma, oropharyngeal swabs, and oral rinse. Promising candidates have been found to aid in detection, staging, and predicting prognosis, in addition to well-established factors including HPV-status, drinking and smoking status. These studies also emphasize the possibility of enhancing prediction results and increasing statistical significance by multivariate analyses. Liquid biopsies offer promising assistance in enhancing personalized medicine for cancer treatment, from lowering barriers towards early screening, to facilitating de-escalation of treatment. However, further research is needed, and the combination of liquid biopsies with pre-existing methods, including in vivo imaging and invasive techniques such as neck dissections, could also be explored in future trials.     

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A Central Player in Gamete Development and Fertilization,and Possible Target for Infertility Therapies

Human infertility, of both male and female origin, is often caused by the deficient response of the testis and the ovary to hormonal stimuli that govern sperm and oocyte development and fertilization. The effects of hormones and other extracellular ligands involved in these events are often mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors that employ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as the principal second messenger transducing the receptor-generated signal to downstream elements. This opinion article summarizes the actions of cAMP in sperm and oocyte development and fertilization, leading to therapeutic actions targeting cAMP metabolism to alleviate human male and female infertility.     

江苏省某工业园区污水处理厂设计及运行实例

针对江苏省某工业园区污水处理厂进水水质特点,采用混凝沉淀、水解酸化、A/O等组合工艺处理,介绍了工艺流程、主要构筑物设计参数、经济分析等。运行结果表明,出水水质稳定优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准,即COD≤50 mg/L、BOD5≤10 mg/L、TN≤15 mg/L、TP≤0. 5 mg/L、SS≤10 mg/L、NH₄⁺-N≤8 mg/L,相应指标平均去除率分别达到93. 4%、97. 3%、84. 2%、94. 2%、97. 5%、88. 57%。     

双膜法处理污水厂尾水效能分析与膜再生研究

为提高污水厂出水水质,寻求适合处理污水厂尾水滤膜的再生方法,采用超滤—纳滤双膜工艺,针对辽宁省本溪市某城市污水厂二级尾水开展深度处理研究。考察了进水流速、累积过滤水量(超滤进水流速为25 L/min,纳滤进水流速为4 L/min)对膜分离效果的影响,同时开展了超滤和纳滤膜再生方式及效果研究。结果表明:在考察范围内,超滤装置的分离性能受进水流速影响较小,主要与进水污染程度有关,对COD、TP、氨氮的平均去除率分别为48%、55%、27%。当纳滤单元进水流速为4 L/min时,双膜法对COD、TP、氨氮的平均去除率分别为87%、96%、68%。双膜法对COD、TP的去除率随着进水污染程度的减轻而降低,氨氮去除率受累积过滤水量的影响较小,这与原水污染程度有关。随着累积过滤水量的增加,膜分离性能呈减弱趋势。超滤膜轻微污染时采用物理清洗效果良好,严重污染时需采用化学清洗的方法。超滤有效延缓了纳滤膜污染,纳滤膜轻微污染时采用酸碱浸泡法再生效果良好。