乌东德水电站移民安置区水环境保护

为防止移民安置带来新的水环境污染,根据乌东德水电站移民安置区建设的施工期与运行期的规模与污水的生物性质不同分类研究污水处理方案.施工期中将生活与生产废水分开处理.运行期中生活污水的处理模式主要分为接入市政管网统一处理模式、分散处理模式和集中处理模式,处理方案以因地制宜,操作简单和接管优先为原则.将移民安置点按人口进行分类,人口规模≤200人为小型移民安置区,200人〈人口规模≤1000人为中大型移民安置区,〉1000人为特大型移民安置区.参考了澳大利亚的＂非尔脱＂技术、韩国的湿地污水处理技术、美国的高藻类塘系统技术和国内的化粪池技术和人工湿地技术,制定了适合小型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋自然稳定塘技术、适合中大型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋厌氧池＋人工湿地、适合特大型移民安置区的三格化粪池＋沉淀池＋人工湿地等三个典型复合污水处理技术,在处理污水的同时,兼顾了水资源、生物资源的综合利用,达到安置区污水排放标准,保护移民安置区的水环境.     

木兰溪下游防洪工程软基处理技术与 施工质量控制

本文详细论述了木兰溪下游三期防洪工程软基处理中所用到的主要技术及施工质量的控制措施,为类似软基工程的处理提供参考依据。     

深厚软基抛石挤淤加固机理数值模拟研究

抛石挤淤法在沿海高等级公路地基处理中广泛应用,但对加固机理研究较少,通过建立弹塑性有限元力学模型,对抛石挤淤处理的路基应力变形性状进行了分析。计算结果表明:①抛石挤淤处理后的地基能有效提高地基的模量,减小路基沉降和地基浅部水平位移,加速地基孔隙水压力的消散,因此抛石挤淤的加固机理在于人工硬壳层效应和加速排水固结效应;②抛石挤淤体厚度越大,路基沉降越小,而抛石挤淤体模量和宽度对路基沉降的影响较小,因此施工时应采取有效工程措施增大抛石的沉底深度;③填筑速率越大,路基工后沉降越大,预压期越短,路基沉降越大,因此施工时应严格控制施工速度,并保证足够的预压期使路基沉降满足工程要求。深入了解抛石挤淤的加固机理、应力变形性状和影响因素,有助于为设计和施工提供参考和指导。     

双曲砌石拱坝坝体密实性不足的补强灌浆处理

闽侯县小目溪一级水库电站拦河坝是双曲砌石拱坝,前期砌体砌筑振捣不充分,坝体内裂缝、孔隙发育错综复杂,补强灌浆很难达到满意的处理效果。通过采取降低灌浆压力、增浓浆液、表面封堵、待凝、环丙砂浆嵌缝、间歇灌浆等三阶段法综合处理方案措施,该工程补强灌浆取得了较好的效果。     

水处理技术研究进展

对国内外城市污水处理工艺发展进行了回顾,提出我国目前所采用的水处理技术是西方发达国家在一定历史时期和技术发展水平下的产物。在分析的基础上,提出我国城市污水可持续发展处理技术的关键是需要新工艺进行不断探索和解决污泥处理技术的问题。     

地表水锰污染在水处理中去除研究进展

近年来,我国地表水锰污染现象日趋严重,呈现出季节性、突发性的特点。其主要成因包括外来污染源、岩石土壤的条件、地下水补给和内源性污染。相比于地下水,地表水除锰的研究长期以来未受到足够重视．但可以借鉴鞍为成熟的地下水除锰理论和技术,主要有沉淀法、氧化法、生物法等。其中沉淀法较为简单,处理效果不佳;氧化法技术成熟,应用广泛;生物法环保高效,但大多尚停留在实验阶段,是重点研究方向;其他诸如离子交换法、膜过滤法、吸附法在应用中也都存在一定的局限性。     

Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of FeCoZrWB bulk metallic glass

A Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20 bulk metallic glass (BMG) with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mould suction casting. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), micro-hardness and compression tests were adopted to investigate the structure, thermal stability, especially, the effect of heat treatment on the micro-hardness and compression strength of this BMG. The BMG exhibits micro-hardness of about 1 207 Hv and compression fracture strength of about 1 707.6 MPa. After being annealed below the onset of crystallization temperature, the micro-hardness almost keeps constant. But after being annealed above the peak of crystallization temperature, the micro-hardness increases firstly and then declines gradually with the elongation of annealing time. However, annealed for the same period of time, the micro-hardness will increase with the rise of annealing temperature, while the compression fracture strength will apparently decrease.     

Crystallization characteristic of glass-ceramic made from electrolytic manganese residue

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a waste from electrolytic manganese industry that contains high concentration of toxic substances. Since the EMR disposal in landfill sites has a serious environmental impact, new ways of EMR utilization are being sought. Considering the melting of EMR to a glass at high temperature was a relatively less energy-intensive process, EMR was first made into a base glass and then the ground base glass was heat-treated in a certain procedure to make a glass-ceramic and the crystallization process was studied. It was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the primary crystalline phases of the EMR glass-ceramic were diopside and anorthite, which formed the surface crystallization mechanism with a crystallization activation energy of 429 kJ/mol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that a layer of small spherical particles with an average size of about 0.5 μm were covered on the glass matrix surface, and among them there were some big particles. The low melting temperature and crystallization activation energy make it promising to reuse EMR for glass-ceramic production.     

保护性光盘脱层处理剂的初步研究

废旧光盘具有资源化回收价值,可以保护性地回收盘基重复使用并在镀层中提取贵金属。研制以一定浓度的硫酸为主溶剂、次氯酸盐为助溶剂的复配处理剂,观察处理剂的配比、时间、温度对脱层速度的影响,最终获得光盘脱层处理剂配方及适于贵金属提取的无机溶液介质体系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区庄36井区油井见水特征分析及治理措施

鄂尔多斯盆地庄36井区,注水开发后部分区域出现含水上升比较快,产量递减幅度大等情况,结合油水运动规律对区块进行研究,并对部分井区进行治理,有效地减缓了区块含水上升速度和产量递减速度.