利用分形理论对PE/贝壳粉复合材料中粒子分布及力学性能的研究

将分形理论运用于对无机粒子在聚合物中分布情况的研究,并建立了模型。利用此模型,使用分形维数的分析方法分析了不同贝壳粉共混比下的PE/贝壳粉复合材料中贝壳粉粒子的分布情况,并论证了贝壳粉在PE中的分散度最好时的贝壳粉共混比。冲击强度测试结果表明与分形理论得到的结果相吻合,说明分形理论可以从理论上找出无机颗粒在聚合物中最佳力学性能的无机物混入比。     

矿物加工技术

矿物加工技术对工业发展具有极为重大的意义,本文对现今几种重要的矿物加工技术进行介绍和分析,具有一定的参考意义。     

蛇纹石/La复合粉体的制备及其摩擦性能

分别采用水溶液沉淀法和乙醇溶液沉淀法制备了蛇纹石/La复合粉体,并分别在120℃（脱除吸附水）和700℃（蛇纹石脱除羟基）对复合粉体进行了干燥和煅烧热处理。利用X射线衍射法、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析表征了复合粉体的物相组成、微观形貌。利用MM-10W型多功能摩擦磨损试验机对复合粉体的摩擦性能进行了评价。结果表明：蛇纹石/La复合粉体中,La化合物呈纳米颗粒,并包覆在蛇纹石表面;700℃煅烧将导致蛇纹石/La复合粉体物相变化和摩擦性能变差;120℃干燥处理的蛇纹石/La复合粉体具有良好的减摩-抗磨性能,摩擦因数较未添加者降低22.48%以上。     

Biomorphic silicon/silicon carbide ceramics from birch powder

A novel process has been developed for the fabrication of biomorphic silicon/silicon carbide (Si/SiC) ceramics from birch powder. Fine birch powder was hot-pressed to obtain pre-templates, which were subsequently carbonized to acquire carbon templates, and these were then converted into biomorphic Si/SiC ceramics by liquid silicon infiltration at 1550 °C. The prepared ceramics are characterized by homogeneous microstructure, high density, and superior mechanical properties compared to biomorphic Si/SiC ceramics from birch blocks. Their maximum density has been measured as 3.01 g/cm³. The microstructure is similar to that of conventional reaction-bonded silicon carbide. The Vicker's hardness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the biomorphic Si/SiC were 19.6 ± 2.2 GPa, 388 ± 36 MPa, 364 ± 22 GPa, and 3.5 ± 0.3 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The outstanding mechanical properties of the biomorphic Si/SiC ceramics are assessed to derive from the improved uniform microstructure of the pre-templates made from birch powder.     

利用甘蔗糖蜜与乳清粉厌氧发酵制备丁二酸

考察了甘蔗糖蜜替代昂贵葡萄糖作为碳源、乳清粉替代大部分酵母粉作为氮源时,对Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113发酵制备丁二酸的影响。血清瓶厌氧发酵结果证明：对照组（葡萄糖40 g/L）的丁二酸产量仅为26.04 g/L,而以糖蜜为碳源（以总还原糖计算为40 g/L）时,丁二酸产量达到28.27 g/L,比对照组提高了8.57%。在此基础上,以糖蜜为碳源、不同比例的乳清粉和酵母粉为混合氮源发酵制备丁二酸,确定了糖蜜、乳清粉和酵母粉混合使用的最佳浓度分别为40 g/L、8 g/L和2 g/L。此外,在3 L发酵罐体系中添加40 g/L糖蜜、8 g/L乳清粉、2 g/L酵母粉进行发酵试验,实验结果证明：丁二酸终产量达到32.54 g/L,收率达到81.13%。     

PVC—U管材日晒变黑问题的分析

叙述了TiO2表面发生光催化反应的反应过程,对PVC—U管材进行了紫外灯照射试验。结果表明：①TiO2在表面发生光催化反应过程中与样品含有的铅化合物发生氧化还原反应生成了黑色的单质铅,从而产生灰黑色斑;②金红石型钛白粉只能减缓变色速度,不能完全避免问题的发生;③采用PVC收缩膜包装PVC—U管材时会促进灰黑色斑的产生。     

云母粉对聚丙烯微孔发泡行为和力学性能的影响

将云母粉加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,在二次开模条件下制备微孔发泡PP/云母粉复合材料,分析了不同含量的云母粉对微孔发泡复合材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当云母粉质量分数为6%时微孔发泡复合材料的泡孔尺寸最小,泡孔密度最大;随着云母粉加入量的增大微孔发泡复合材料的缺口冲击强度略有降低,拉伸强度基本保持不变。     

A particle‐scale index in the quantification of mixing of particles

Discrete element method (DEM) is a useful tool for obtaining details of mixing processes at a particle scale. It has been shown to satisfactorily describe the flow structure developed in bladed mixers. Here, the advantage is taken of the microstructure gained from DEM to evaluate how best to quantify the microstructure created by mixing. A particle‐scale mixing index (PSMI) is defined based on coordination numbers to represent the structure of a particle mixture. The mixture quality is then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in three different ways: a macroscopic mixing index based on the conventional approach, coordination number, and PSMI. Their effectiveness is examined based on DEM data generated for different particle loading arrangements and binary mixtures of particles with various volume fractions, size ratios, and density ratios. Unlike the two other methods, PSMI reveals in a straightforward manner whether a binary mixture of different particles is mixing or segregating over time, while being able to detect particle‐scale structural changes accompanying the mixing or segregation processes in all the mixtures investigated. Moreover, PSMI is promising in that it is not influenced by the size and number of samples, which afflict conventional mixing indexes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH/POE热塑性弹性体的制备和性能

采用熔融法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）, 利用红外光谱对POE-g-MAH进行了表征。考察了MAH和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）的用量对接枝率的影响。并对胶粉进行了活化处理,探讨了活化效果的影响因素,研究了活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH/POE共混物的物理性能,讨论了共混物的断裂机理。实验结果表明,随着MAH和DCP用量的增加, POE-g-MAH的接枝率逐渐增大后趋于平缓并减小;在胶粉活化过程中,硬脂酸的加入有利于胶粉的细化;不含POE的共混物（活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH）的综合性能最佳。对活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH的流变性能和再加工性能的分析表明,该混合料具有良好的切敏性和再加工性。     

粉体材料粒度的测定和粒度分布表示方法

阐述了粉体粒度的测定方法以及粉体粒度的分布的表示方法。