Ultrasound as a Tool to Synthesize Nano-Sized Silica–Alumina Catalysts with Controlled Mesoporous Distribution by a Novel Sol–Gel Process

A novel sol–gel process is used to synthesize mesoporous silica–alumina catalysts with controlled pore size distribution without using templates or pore-regulating agents. The nitrogen sorption analysis shows that the synthesized materials have high specific surface area in the range 587–692 m²/g and similar mesoporous distribution within 2–11 nm. Ultrasound is applied to prepare precursor silica–alumina sol with narrow particle diameter distribution. By calculation, it is found that ultrasonic treatment is able to provide 22.94 kJ/mol energy, which is just in accordance with the weak bond's bonding energy. Based on the calculation result, it is proposed that the role of ultrasonic treatment followed by acid peptization is to provide energy to break down the weak bonds. After gelation, the regular and close packing of similar-sized sol particles is capable of formation of controlled-sized interstices which are the precursors of mesopores. Solid-state ²⁷Al MAS NMR and TEM are used to characterize the samples' structure and particle morphology. They show that most of the aluminum is located in the tetrahedral position in the present materials. According to TEM results, it is shown that the synthesized materials have spherical particles with size of about 15 nm.     

超声波测浓技术在重力沉降研究中的应用

介绍了超声波测定悬浮液浓度的原理。并针对颗粒群的沉降，研究了超声波测浓技术在重力沉降中的应用，得到了沉降过程中的浓度场和其它一些重要数据，为进一步从理论上研究重力沉降机理提供了参考。     

Structure of the Reaction Zone of a Steady Detonation Wave in Dinitrodiazapentane

The massvelocity profiles in 2,4dinitro2,4diazapentane samples of different densities were registered by a laser interferometer and the electromagnetic technique. The reaction time was shown to reach 300 nsec and weakly depend on density, while the pressure in the chemical spike can be twice as high as that at the Chapman–Jouguet point. No special features due to diamond formation were observed in the massvelocity profiles registered in the chemical reaction zone.     

中药植物战骨总黄酮的提取

用传统索氏提取法及现代提取方法——微波萃取法、超声波萃取法、内部汽化法4种不同的提取方法对战骨中的总黄酮进行了提取工艺研究。采用上述4种方法对战骨中总黄酮进行提取,并进行了后3种方法的L9(34)正交设计性实验。测定了以上4种方法的战骨提取液的总黄酮含量及回收率,并将后3种方法与索氏提取法进行比较。结果表明,微波萃取法、超声波萃取法、内部汽化法的最优方案的收率分别为2.07%,1.90%,1.78%,平均回收率分别为100.60%,105.12%,99.92%,相对标准偏差分别为1.40%,1.47%,1.16%。索氏提取法提取的收率为0.95%。现代方法的收率均高于传统索氏提取法。     

Interaction of a shock pulse with a contact discontinuity

Passing of a triangular moderate-intensity pulse through a constant discontinuity is considered. Decay of the shock wave that passed into the second gas is analyzed. Damping of the detonation wave after burnout of the combustible mixture is discussed. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 102–107, July–August, 2007.     

Processing and characterization of particles reinforced SiOC composites via pyrolysis of polysiloxane with SiC or/and Al fillers

Polysiloxane loaded with SiC as inert filler, and Al as active filler, was pyrolyzed in nitrogen to fabricate SiOC composites, and the processing and properties of the filled SiOC composites were investigated. Adding SiC fillers could reduce the linear shrinkage of filler-free cured polysiloxane in order to obtain monolithic SiC/SiOC composites. The flexural strength of SiC/SiOC composites reached 201.3 MPa at a SiC filler content of 27.6 vol.%. However, SiC/SiOC composites exhibited poor oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and high temperature resistance. Al fillers could react with hydrocarbon generated during polysiloxane pyrolysis at 600 °C and N₂ at 800 °C to form Al₄C₃ and AlN, respectively. The volume expansions resulting from these two reactions were in favor of the reduction in linear shrinkage and the improvement in flexural strength of SiC/SiOC composites. The flexural strength of Al-containing SiC/SiOC composites was 1.36 times that of SiC/SiOC composites without Al at an Al filler content of 20 vol.%. The addition of Al fillers remarkably improved the high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of SiC/SiOC composites, but not thermal shock resistance.     

基于稀疏表示的单帧运动图像盲复原

提出一种基于稀疏表示的单帧运动盲复原方法,它充分利用自然图像中存在的各种先验知识进行求解。该方法分为模糊核估计和图像修复两个阶段。在估计模糊核时,它运用shock滤波器从模糊图像中预测出清晰边缘,以此指导全局图像的复原,并运用多尺度策略来解决大模糊核问题。在图像修复阶段,运用稀疏表示理论对复原图像进行降噪和重建,最终提高图像复原质量。实验结果表明,在不同噪声和模糊核条件下,该算法能有效消除运动模糊。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> monitoring of solid fat content by means of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and ultrasonics

An ultrasonic technique was developed to study the crystallization process of edible fats on-line. A chirp wave was used instead of the conventional pulser signal, thus achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio. This enabled measurements to be made in concentrated systems [≈20% solid fat content (SFC)] through a 8.11-cm thick sample without significant signal loss. Fat samples were crystallized at 20, 25, and 30°C at a constant agitation rate of 400 rpm for 90 min. The crystallization process was followed by ultrasonic spectroscopy and a low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Specific relationships were found between ultrasonic parameters [integrated response, time of flight (TF), and full width half maximum] and SFC. TF, which is an indirect measurement of the ultrasonic velocity (v), was highly correlated to SFC (r ²>0.9) in a linear fashion (v=2.601 SFC+1433.0).     

高强混凝土受火后力学性能变化规律的研究

对受火后的混凝土试件进行了抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验,讨论了温度、强度等级、试件尺寸、含水量对其高温后力学性能的影响。研究表明,受火后,抗折强度较抗压强度下降更快;高强度的混凝土在600℃前抗压强度下降不多;大尺寸混凝土试件较小尺寸混凝土试件的残余抗压强度下降慢;混凝土试件的含水率越高,相对残余抗压强度越低。采用超声波速度法和质量损失法对火灾高温后混凝土内部结构的变化进行了探讨。     

Ultrasonic oscillations effect on rheological and processing properties of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations and die materials on die pressure, productivity of extrusion, melt viscosity of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE), as well as their mechanism were studied in a special ultrasonic oscillations extrusion system developed in our lab. Die materials used in our experiment included steel, brass, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)_. The experimental results showed that ultrasonic oscillations as well as die materials have great influence on the rheological and processing behavior of mLLDPE. Ultrasonic oscillations can greatly increase the productivity of mLLDPE melt extruded through different dies, and can decrease the die pressure and the melt viscosity of mLLDPE. Compared with steel or brass die, mLLDPE melt extruded through PTFE die is more sensitive to ultrasonic oscillations. A possible mechanism for the improved processability of mLLDPE is proposed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1873–1878, 2003