Characterization and Catalytic Behavior of VO x -CeO2 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

A series of ceria-supported vanadium catalysts was prepared via impregnation of the support with an ammonium metavanadate solution. The 723 K calcined samples were tested for propane oxydehydrogenation (ODH) activity and selectivity. The sample exhibiting the highest propane conversion was found to be the ceria support material itself, although this showed essentially no selectivity towards propene. An optimum propene yield of 4.2% was obtained at 673 K for the 6 wt% V₂O₅-CeO₂ sample. Conversion decreased with increasing V loading which was attributed to the formation of cerium vanadate (CeVO₄). This phase was found in all samples after calcination, its abundance rising in proportion to the V loading. In the 6 wt% V₂O₅ catalyst hydrated surface VO_x species were present, although they underwent conversion to CeVO₄ at temperatures above 573 K. The low reducibility of these surface vanadates was linked to the oxidation activity. It is inferred that surface polyvanadate species are responsible for the selective ODH of propane with V-O-V and/or V-O-Ce being the active oxygen species.     

钒酸钙纳米棒的生长调控及其电化学特性

以乙酸钙和钒酸钠为原料,通过水热过程合成了捆状结构的单晶钒酸钙纳米棒。电镜观察显示所得钒酸钙纳米棒的平均直径约50 nm,长度约3μm。XRD和HRTEM图像显示所得钒酸钙纳米棒由单晶六方Ca10V6O25晶相构成。在钒酸钙纳米棒的生长过程中除了形成六方Ca10V6O25主晶相外,还存在单斜Ca0.17V2O5晶相,随着水热温度和保温时间的增加,单斜Ca0.17V2O5晶相完全转变为了六方Ca10V6O25晶相。采用基于晶体分裂的核化、晶体生长过程可以解释钒酸钙纳米棒的形成与生长。酒石酸在钒酸钙纳米棒修饰玻碳电极上的电化学循环伏安特性曲线中存在一对半可逆的氧化还原电化学伏安特性峰,其检测限为2.4μm,线性范围是0.005~2 mm。     

Deposition and Characterization of Highly Oriented Mg3(VO4)2 Thin Film Catalysts. 2. Controlled Variation of Oxygen Content

Thin films of magnesium vanadates oriented to expose a single crystalline face, could potentially serve as ideal models for high surface area magnesium vanadate catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation. The growth of oriented films of one particular magnesium vanadate phase, the orthovanadate (Mg₃(VO₄)₂), has been achieved by rf sputter deposition of the orthovanadate onto Au(111) surfaces. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to investigate the structure and composition of the films. The orthorhombic orthovanadate grows epitaxially with the (021) plane oriented parallel to the surface. By varying oxygen flow rates during deposition the stoichiometry of the films can be varied from fully oxidized to highly oxygen deficient. At very low oxygen flow rates or in the complete absence of oxygen, a reduced Mg₃V₂O₆ phase is formed. This reduced phase has a cubic structure and grows with the (100) plane parallel to the surface.     

铜修饰钒酸铋/膨润土复合材料的制备及可见光催化脱硫性能研究

采用水热法制备了铜修饰钒酸铋/膨润土(Cu-BiVO_4/BTT)复合材料,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)对其进行表征。XRD分析显示,所制备的催化剂中BiVO_4均保持单斜结构,SEM结果证实了钒酸铋负载到了膨润土上,XPS结果显示Cu元素以CuO形式存在于催化剂表面,DRS结果显示复合材料在可见光区域的吸收增强。研究表明,当Cu与Bi的摩尔比为1.2时,复合材料光催化活性最高,经可见光照射3h,对模型汽油脱硫率达91%。     

Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis and luminescence properties of RVO4: Ln3+ (R=La,Gd; Ln=Sm,Er, Ho,Yb/Er) microcrystals

RVO₄: Ln³⁺ (R=La, Gd; Ln=Sm, Er, Ho, Yb/Er) microcrystals were successfully synthesized by a facile and rapid sol-gel method using glycine as the chelating agent. The crystalline structure, morphology and luminescence properties of obtained products were investigated in detail. The peaks of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were well-indexed to the standard RVO₄ patterns, indicating that the Ln³⁺ ions were well doped into the crystalline lattices and had not changed the crystalline structure. The luminescence properties of the samples are systematically studied. The typical peaks of the emission spectra were sharp and intense, revealing energy was transferred efficiently from VO₄ ^3- to Ln³⁺ after excitation. The schematic diagram for energy transfer between the host matrix and doped lanthanide ions were also discussed. The chromaticity coordinates of RVO₄: Ln³⁺ microcrystals were calculated. This work reveals that the rare-earth vanadates are potential candidates as excellent host matrices of phosphors.     

A 1D Honeycomb‐Like Amorphous Zincic Vanadate for Stable and Fast Sodium‐Ion Storage

Developing nanomaterials with synergistic effects of various structural merits is considered to be an effective strategy to improve the sluggish ion kinetics and severe structural degradation of sodium‐ion battery (SIB) anodes. Herein, honeycomb‐like amorphous Zn₂V₂O₇ (ZVO‐AH) nanofibers as SIBs anode material with plentiful defective sites, complex cavities, and good mechanical flexibility are reported. The fabrication strategy relies on the expansive and volatile nature of the organic vanadium source, based on a simple electrospinning with subsequent calcination. Originating from the synergies of amorphous nature and honeycomb‐like cavities, ZVO‐AH shows increased electrochemical activity, accelerated Na‐ion diffusion, and robust structure. Impressively, the ZVO‐AH anode delivers superior cycle stability (112% retention at 5 A g^?1 after 5000 cycles) and high rate capability (150 mAh g^?1 at 10 A g^?1). The synthetic versatility is able to synergistically promote the practical application of more potential materials in sodium‐ion storage.     

钒酸盐对柴油机排气中碳烟氧化的催化性能

制备并表征了KVO3、K4V2O7和熔盐KVO3 KCl、K4V2O7 KCl催化剂.用固定床反应器通过程序升温氧化法(TPO)研究了催化剂在紧密接触和松散接触条件下对柴油发动机排气微粒中碳烟氧化的催化活性,考察了催化剂的热稳定性,并用泡沫陶瓷作为过滤材料研究了催化剂的性能.结果表明:钒酸盐催化剂KVO3、K4V2O7、KVO3 KCl和K4V2O7 KCl对柴油机排气中碳烟微粒的燃烧具有较高的催化活性和热稳定性.熔盐催化剂KVO3 KCl和K4V2O7 KCl的流动性增加了与碳烟的接触,使其具有较高的催化能力.γ-Al2O3能防止负载于其上的催化剂因吸潮而产生的团聚,但是其稀释作用使催化剂的性能降低.与碳烟的接触方式对催化剂的性能有很大影响,紧密接触方式使催化剂与碳烟颗粒混合均匀,增加了催化剂与碳烟颗粒的接触机会.     

Sr3Lu (VO4)3: Eu3+ red-emitting phosphors for warm white LEDs

A series of novel red emission phosphors Sr₃Lu_1-x(VO₄)₃:xEu³⁺(x = 0.007, 0.009, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized successfully by traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the doped Eu³⁺ ions have replaced the lattice sites of Lu³⁺ ions. The diffuse reflectance spectra illustrate the energy gap of Sr₃Lu(VO₄)₃ host is 3.61 eV. The room-temperature steady-state fluorescence spectra show that these phosphors can be effectively pumped by the charge-transfer band (CTB) of the host in near ultraviolet (NUV) spectral region and then produce strong and pure red emission at 615 nm originated from ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ electric dipole transition of Eu³⁺. The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of Sr₃Lu_0.96(VO₄)₃:0.04Eu³⁺ are (x = 0.65, y = 0.35), which are very close to the red standard of National Television Standards Committee NTSC (0.67, 0.33). The fabricated warm white-light-emitting diodes (LED) demonstrate high color-rendering index Ra as 93. The results imply the red-emitting Sr₃Lu(VO₄)₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors could be potentially utilized in the fields of solid-state lighting.