5083-H321铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊缝组织演变

采用搅拌摩擦焊接法焊接了5083-H321铝合金板材,借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、背散射电子衍射分析仪及取向显微成像分析技术对焊缝与母材的组织进行了对比性研究.结果表明,该合金板材的焊缝无宏观缺陷,焊缝成形区呈现出与母材明显不同的组织特征;搅拌摩擦焊使该合金板材中大量的小角度晶界转化为大角度晶界,母材和焊核区的晶粒尺寸分布范围分别为6-55 μm及15-30 μm,晶粒纵横比分布范围分别为2~8和15-3,焊核区呈现均匀化与等轴化的动态再结晶特征.     

Probabilistic analysis of mechanical properties of WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessel materials

The variance of strength and plastic characteristics of 15Kh2NMFA steel and its welds is assessed by the results of statistical analysis of material mechanical properties for nineteen WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessels manufactured by Izhorskii and Atommash factories. The values determined with a 95% probability are well within the limits specified by the applicable regulations. The parameters which are needed for the statistical brittle-strength analysis of a reactor pressure vessel are presented with the same veracity. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 15–28, March–April, 2006.     

Modeling of failure near spot welds in lap-shear specimens based on a plane stress rigid inclusion analysis

In this paper, the failure mechanism of resistance spot welds in dual-phase steel lap-shear specimens is investigated based on experimental observations, two-dimensional elasticity theories and two-dimensional finite element analyses. Optical micrographs of the cross sections of spot welds in lap-shear specimens of a dual-phase steel before and after failure are first examined to understand the failure mechanism. The experimental results suggest that under lap-shear loading conditions, a necking failure is initiated near the middle of the nugget circumference in the base metal and then the failure propagates along the nugget circumference in the sheet to final fracture. Based on the stress function approach of the elasticity theory, an analytic solution for an infinite plate containing a rigid inclusion subjected to a resultant shear force is developed and used to investigate the stress and strain distributions near the nugget in lap-shear specimens. The results of the elastic analytic solution and those of a two-dimensional elastic finite element analysis indicate that the initial yielding starts on the two side edges of the inclusion in the sheet. However, the results of a two-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis indicate that as the applied displacement increases, the maximum equivalent plastic strain shifts from the two side edges of the inclusion to the middle of the inclusion along the inclusion circumference in the sheet. The computational results suggest that the location of the initial necking failure should occur near the middle of the nugget circumference in the sheet as observed in experiments based on the forming limit diagram (FLD) for ductile sheet metals.     

乙烯裂解炉辐射段炉管Cr20Ni32Nb材料的焊接工艺

乙烯裂解炉炉管采用的高铬镍合金材料在焊接过程中易出现热裂纹的问题,针对该问题,在工程实际中对乙烯裂解炉辐射段炉管材料—Cr20Ni32Nb进行焊接性分析和焊接工艺评定,采用“超合金化”焊接材料,并制定合理的焊接工艺,成功地解决了Cr20Ni32Nb高铬镍材料离心铸造炉管的焊接热裂纹问题。     

稀土和Ca、Mg元素对高强度钢焊接热影响区组织和韧性的影响

研究了低合金高强度非调质中厚板钢中添加稀土(REM)和Ca、Mg微量元素对大线高能焊接热影响区(HAZ)显微组织微细化和晶内针状铁素体(IAF)形成的影响.结果表明,添加REM和Ca、Mg元素可在钢的HAZ中形成弥散稳定的氧硫化物(CeCa)2O2S和(CeMg)2O2,热轧奥氏体化(1450℃)和焊接热输入10 kJ/mm时都十分稳定,比传统采用TiN强化的钢具有更优良的低温韧性.有效地控制细小弥散的氧硫化合物,能获得适中的奥氏体有效晶粒尺寸和提供HAZ中形成晶内针状铁素体及稳定活性的形核位置.促进晶内铁素体协同形核生长,有效地使得HAZ组织微细化.     

基于嵌入式uClinux的焊缝检测与跟踪系统

为解决焊接加工自动化过程中焊枪与工件之间的跟踪检测，提高检测精度及可靠性，在焊接系统硬件设计部分研究开发了以弱磁传感器作为信息提取的器件，同时在系统软件设计中用uClinux嵌入式操作系统来增强系统的稳定性．成品实验表明：检测精度高、运行良好，实现了设计目标，有很好的学术价值和推广应用价值。     

锅炉再热器管泄漏原因分析及改造

分析了再热器管频繁泄漏的原因，认为定位块与再热器管的异种钢焊接及定位块结构的不合理是导致泄漏的主要原因，同时提出了改造方案。     

冷焊焊缝中的碳化物研究

利用SEM ,TEM ,EPMA等方法研究了不同合金系统的冷焊焊缝中碳化物的分布、形态 ,分析了碳化物在冷焊条件下的形成过程 .结果表明 ,Nb、Ti碳化物倾向大 ,可以在液态金属中形成碳化物 ,但单独加入且含量较高时 ,碳化物尺寸过大 ,分布不均匀 ,对基体固溶强化较弱 ;单独加入V时形成了网状碳化物 ;适量Nb ,Ti ,V同时加入 ,获得了均匀分布的颗粒碳化物及强韧的基体 ,碳化物以液态金属中氧化物为形核核心 ,在冷却过程中外延长大为多层结构的复合碳化物     

T2铜管和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管的焊接

根据镍在紫铜和不锈钢中可无限固溶,对紫铜管和不锈钢管的焊接,采用纯镍作过渡焊缝,采取合适的工艺措施,通过试验,成功地解决了其焊接接头中易出现裂纹的问题。     

Robotic Welding Systems with Vision-Sensing and Self-learning Neuron Control of Arc Welding Dynamic Process

This paper addresses the vision sensing and neuron control techniques for real-time sensing and control of weld pool dynamics during robotic arc welding. Current teaching playback welding robots are not provided with this real-time function for sensing and control of the welding process. In our research, using composite filtering technology, a computer vision sensing system was established and clear weld pool images were captured during robotic-pulsed Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). A corresponding image processing algorithm has been developed to pick up characteristic parameters of the weld pool in real-time. Furthermore, an ANN model of the weld pool dynamic process of robotic-pulsed GTAW was developed. Based on neuron self-learning PSD controller design, the real-time control of weld pool dynamics during the pulsed GTAW process has been realized in robotic systems.