焊后热处理温度对P92钢焊缝显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试等方法,研究了焊后热处理温度对P92钢焊缝显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：热处理前P92钢焊缝硬度高、脆性大;随着焊后热处理温度的提高,P92钢焊缝的硬度降低、缺口冲击韧性升高;采用目前的常规热处理恒温时间、焊后热处理恒温温度达到746℃后,焊缝硬度和缺口冲击韧性可以达到母材的力学性能要求;造成P92钢焊缝硬度降低、缺口冲击性能提高的原因是由于板条马氏体基体向等轴亚晶转变、M23C6及MX相的脱溶析出及M23C6的聚集球化和缓慢长大造成的.     

直通式上成形器：高档文化纸纸机改造的有效途径

介绍了直通式上成形器的结构，性能及使用。其主要优点是：两面差小，成形质量好，两面脱水易调，适应车速低，结构简单，造价低。     

A comparative study on the enhanced formation of methane hydrate using CM-95 and CM-100 MWCNTs

1 m³ of methane hydrate can be decomposed into a maximum of 216 m³ of methane gas under standard conditions. Conversely, such a large volume of methane hydrate can be utilized to store and transport a large quantity of natural gas. When methane hydrate is formed artificially by simply reversing its process of natural generation, the amount of methane gas consumed owing to hydrate formation is fairly low which would be problematic for its massive synthesis and application. In this study, experiments are carried out with the goal of increasing the amount of gas consumed by adding two kinds (CM-95 and CM-100) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to pure water, where the physical length of CM-95 is much shorter than CM-100. When the 0.004 wt.% CM-95 MWCNT solution is compared with pure water, the gas consumption rate almost triples indicating its effect in hydrate formation. Also, the CM-95 MWCNTs decreased the hydrate formation time to a greater extent than the CM-100 MWCNTs at a low subcooling temperature.     

An experimental and numerical study of the effects of dimethyl ether addition to fuel on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and soot formation in laminar coflow ethylene/air diffusion flames

The effects of dimethyl ether addition to fuel on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot were investigated experimentally and numerically in a laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flame at atmospheric pressure. The relative concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon species and the relative soot volume fractions were measured using planar laser-induced fluorescence and two-dimensional laser-induced incandescence techniques, respectively. Experiments were conducted over the entire range of dimethyl ether addition from pure ethylene to pure dimethyl ether in the fuel stream. The total carbon mass flow rate was maintained constant when the fraction of DME in the fuel stream was varied. Numerical calculations of nine diffusion flames of different dimethyl ether fractions in the fuel stream were performed using a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of 151 species and 785 reactions and a sectional soot model including soot radiation, inception of nascent soot particle due to collision of two pyrene molecules, heterogeneous surface growth and oxidation following the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition mechanism, soot particle coagulation, and PAH surface condensation. The addition of a relatively small amount of dimethyl ether to ethylene was found experimentally to increase the concentrations of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. The synergistic effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons persists over a wider range of dimethyl ether addition. The numerical results reproduce the synergistic effects of dimethyl ether addition to ethylene on both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot, though the magnitude of soot volume fraction overshoot and the range of dimethyl ether addition associated with the synergistic effect of soot are less than those observed in the experiment. The synergistic effects of dimethyl ether addition to ethylene on many hydrocarbon species, including polycyclic aromatic ones, and soot can be fundamentally traced to the enhanced methyl concentration with the addition of dimethyl ether to ethylene. Contrary to previous findings, the pathways responsible for the synergistic effects of benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and soot in the ethylene/dimethyl ether system are found to be primarily due to the cyclization of l-C₆H₆ and n-C₆H₇ and to a much lesser degree due to the interaction between C2 and C4 species for benzene formation, rather than the propargyl self-combination reaction route, though it is indeed the most important reaction for the formation of benzene.     

HFW焊管残余应力分析

采用小孔检测法研究了规格Φ406.4 mm×12.5 mm、钢级L415MB的HFW焊管残余应力的分布情况。试验结果表明,HFW焊管整体残余应力值较小,并且轴向残余应力大于环向残余应力,轴向和环向最大值分别约为母材屈服强度的38%和29%;HFW电阻焊焊缝及其附近区域的残余应力值低于管体区域,轴向和环向残余应力的变化范围分别约为母材屈服强度的24.5%~33.6%和16.4%~21.5%;HFW电阻焊管轴向和环向残余应力的差异呈周期性变化,距离焊缝15°附近时差异最小。试验结果对于HFW电阻焊管在长输管线的应用提供理论支持。     

页岩钻井储层伤害研究进展

由于非常规储层的特殊性(即低孔、低渗、易膨胀和易破碎等),该类储层在开发过程中极易受到不可逆的伤害。为了认识钻井过程中非常规储层伤害机理,以页岩储层为例,系统地调研了页岩钻井储层伤害的国内外研究现状,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,并对下一步储层保护工作开展提出了建议。研究发现,目前页岩钻井储层伤害研究主要体现在钻井技术和钻井液两方面,但针对非常规储层中井壁稳定性问题的研究相对较少,且对钻井液引起的储层伤害机理认识不够深入。结合页岩钻井储层伤害研究现状,应全面开展非常规储层井壁稳定性、钻井对储层伤害机理和非常规储层钻井液优选的研究。     

四川XC气田地层水治理对策及应用

针对中国石油在伊朗南帕斯气田的LNG项目,中国石油股份公司研发出用于含有机硫酸性天然气深度预处理的脱硫溶剂及其配套的模拟计算软件。以醇胺水溶液为载体,通过添加特殊活性组分,实现迅速脱除硫化氢及二氧化碳的     

河北太行山区泥石流启动的水岩相互作用

泥石流作为一种固-液混合而形成的地质灾害,其启动过程中必然存在着水与岩土体之间的相互作用。根据对太行山区泥石流形成的地形地貌、降雨、物源和人类活动特征等影响因素的分析,确定太行山区泥石流的崩滑动力和洪水动力两种启动类型。在此基础上,从水-岩系统耦合作用的角度,研究了太行山区泥石流形成过程中,洪水与固体颗粒之间彼此促进、相互制约的水岩化学作用、水岩物理作用和水岩力学作用,阐明了水岩相互作用对泥石流初始形成的促进机制,从而为泥石流启动预测预报体系的建立提供理论支撑。     

Complicated Conglomerate Lithofacies and Their Effects on Hydrocarbons

Conglomerates of Baikouquan Formation are fan-delta sedimentogenesis, and consist of coarse granules distributed near the source. Based on the sedimentary characteristics of the conglomerate the delta can be geographically divided into three areas: the fan-delta plain, fan-delta front, and pro-delta. The fan-delta front is then subdivided into the outer and interior fan-delta front. Focusing on the sedimentary structure, granule shape and arrangement pattern, support form, and cementation type, nine types of conglomerate lithofacies are named, and six lithofacies association, named FA-1～6, are found. The lithofacies association FA-5, which is braided distributary channel genesis, was considered the most favorable target for further exploration and development. Finally, a distribution pattern for fan-deltas on the slopes surrounding Mahu depression was then established.     

Volcanic reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon genesis of Jiamuhe formation in Jinlong 2 wellblock,Junggar Basin

Abstract

Due to deeper buried, multi-stage tectonic influences, rapid changing, and unclear originate of oil and gas in Jinlong 2 wellblock, we analyzed the volcanic reservoir characteristics and the genesis of hydrocarbon by cores, thin slices, loggings, physical properties, oil testing data, and carbon isotopes. Results demonstrated that the major lithology were pyroclastic rocks and lavas, the reservoir was generally poor and strongly homogeneous, the main reservoir space were primary pores, and the favorable reservoir mainly developed in the pyroclastic rocks of the third phase. Furthermore, the results of carbon isotopes indicated that the crude oil and dissolved gas originated from Fengcheng formation, while the condensate gas derived from Jiamuhe formation.