Delamination‐Free Functional Graphene Surface by Multiscale,Conformal Wrinkling

Obtaining a delamination‐free wrinkled functional graphene surface in layered systems is an interesting challenge because the interface is usually too weak to withstand interfacial stress mismatch, which can trigger mechanical instability. In this paper, a general strategy is proposed toward addressing the delamination limitation imposed by fabricating conformal graphene wrinkles with bilayer systems of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To improve the interfacial strength, a postcuring transfer process is introduced to form a gradient interface layer without interfacial liquid between the PMMA and PDMS by entanglement of polymer chains during high‐temperature curing. Compared to the conventional wet transfer of graphene,the transfer method can greatly enhance the interfacial strength. The chemical and mechanical mechanisms underlying the enhancement are revealed both experimentally and theoretically in terms of the transition from the buckled‐induced delamination state to the delamination‐free wrinkled state. Moreover, the light diffraction behaviors of multiscale graphene wrinkles are initially demonstrated to be an interesting continuous pattern induced by overlapping. The delamination‐free conformal wrinkled functional graphene surface can provide valuable insight and design guidelines for the fundamental problems of deformed graphene and its applications in flexible functional devices.     

身管弹膛和线膛同锻时下沉段皱褶试验研究及其预测

身管弹膛和线膛同锻技术可用径向精锻工艺同时锻出弹膛和线膛,将彻底解决身管弹膛和线膛的同轴度问题,改善坡膛部位的表面粗糙度。为提高身管内膛的加工质量,以身管弹膛和线膛同锻为对象,研究下沉段和锻造段产生的褶皱以及演变情况。通过对身管径向锻打试验和形貌试验分析处理,发现弹膛和线膛同锻时：下沉段将会产生褶皱,并且褶皱随着变形的增加,深度不断加深;当进入锻造段后,部分皱褶被打平,变成了身管微裂纹。应用有限元分析软件Abaqus对身管锻打过程进行仿真,发现锻打过程中下沉段径向应变ε_r和周向应变ε_θ的比值[SX(]ε_r[]ε_θ[SX)]为定值,不同锻打工艺参数下应变比值不同。研究结果表明：身管下沉段单次锻打产生的褶皱深度Δd_w可以用径向应变ε_r和周向应变ε_θ的比值[SX(]ε_r[]ε_θ[SX)]来表示,拟合的关系式为Δd_w=0.058 8[SX(]ε_r[]ε_θ[SX)]+0.052 1;结合锻打所需的锤数可以预测出下沉段结束位置的皱褶深度,皱褶深度的预测有助于防止褶皱在锻造段挤压形成锻造身管的微裂纹。     

柠檬酸/丁烷四羧酸/木糖醇免烫棉织物工艺配方优化

对纯棉织物采用柠檬酸(CA)/丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)/木糖醇免烫整理剂进行免烫整理,探讨柠檬酸质量浓度、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度、木糖醇质量浓度、焙烘时间和焙烘温度对免烫效果的影响,并测试免烫后织物的折皱回复角、白度和强力。结果表明：免烫后织物的折皱回复角与丁烷四羧酸或柠檬酸单独作用于棉织物相当,断裂强力优于两者单独作用。优化免烫整理工艺为：柠檬酸质量浓度60 g/L、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度40 g/L、木糖醇质量浓度17.5 g/L、焙烘温度170℃、焙烘时间3 min。整理后织物的折皱回复角可达267°,白度为54.5,断裂强力为248 N。     

织物折皱回复角与其力学性能指标间的关系

为探究较精确、易行的测试和表征织物折皱回复角的方法,首先采用KES-F织物风格仪测试了织物的弯曲、剪切、拉伸和压缩性能,并在KES系统原有力学性能指标基础上引入2个新指标:残余弯曲曲率和残余剪切变形,进而通过数据分析建立了采用织物力学性能指标表示其经、纬向折皱回复角的回归方程;同时分析了织物折皱回复角与各力学性能指标间的相关性.结果表明:回归方程的计算值与折皱回复角的实测值差异不超过0.1°:拉伸功回复率、拉伸比功和弯曲刚度对织物折皱回复性的影响最大,可以通过提高织物的抗拉伸、弯曲和剪切性能及拉伸功回复率来改善织物的抗皱性.     

纯棉织物的醚化2D树脂成衣免烫整理

为探索醚化2D树脂对纯棉织物抗皱整理的可行性和最佳工艺设置,设计正交试验探究醚化2D树脂、催化剂、保护剂、柔软剂在成衣免烫技术中的应用工艺,确定最佳工艺为醚化2D树脂F-AP质量浓度150 g/L、催化剂FM质量浓度40 g/L、保护剂HDP质量浓度35 g/L、柔软剂NUP质量浓度15 g/L。应用SPSS统计分析软件对4种助剂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果做显著性检验,结果表明:相对另外3种助剂,醚化2D树脂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果影响最为显著。重点分析了醚化2D树脂对整理后织物性能的影响,发现醚化2D树脂质量浓度超过160 g/L时,棉纤维与树脂的反应呈现饱和,使棉织物折皱回复角和断裂强力变化趋缓,过多的树脂残留使纱线间的摩擦力增加,对织物抗撕破起负效果。     

基于视频序列的织物折皱回复角动态测量

针对现有织物折皱回复性能测量方法存在仅能静态测量某时刻织物折皱回复角度值的不足,本文提出了基于视频序列的织物折皱回复角度动态测量方法。按AATCC66-2008标准要求,以SDL-M003折皱回复角试验机的负载装置压试样,再将试样置于视频序列采集系统中,对采集到的单帧图像依次进行二值化、细化预处理,采用Hough变换检测图像中织物折皱回复两翼对应的角度,进而获得折皱回复角。试验结果显示,基于视频序列的方法与AATCC66-2008测量方法的结果接近,表明了基于视频序列方法的可行性,并且该方法可以精确描述织物折皱回复的动态过程,为实现新的折皱回复性能指标的提出奠定了实验基础。     

聚酯长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能

为研究聚酯(PET)长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能,利用PET长丝与纯棉纱开发了3种线密度为9.8 tex的纱线,并以二上二下斜纹组织织造了4种织物。对织物进行了折皱回复性、免烫性、尺寸稳定性、悬垂性等保形性能,强伸性、拉伸弹性、顶破性等抗变形性测试,以及手感风格、透湿性、透气性等服用性能测试。对比分析了纯棉纱织物与复合纱织物的保形性与服用性能。结果表明:PET长丝/棉复合纱可改善纯棉织物的折皱回复性、悬垂性,提高免烫等级,同时又不影响织物的服用性能;包芯纱织物比包缠纱织物有更好的保形性,更高的免烫等级,是免烫衬衫面料的理想选择。     

Material design using genetic algorithms and preparation of innovative UV-reflecting composite

The neck is a sun-exposed area. It seems to show the symptoms of photo-ageing as well as facial skin in the elderly. However, the physiological study of neck skin has hardly been reported. We examined the change of skin physiological properties at a neck site with ageing for 61 women (18—69 years old) compared with a cheek site. Water content in stratum corneum (SC) was higher, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was lower and the turnover rate of SC judged from corneocyte area was slower at the neck site compared with the cheek site. Skin thickness was thinner, skin extensibility and elasticity were higher, skin grooves were deeper, and anisotropy of skin furrows was lower at the neck site than those at the cheek site. It was shown that the neck was also affected by sunlight but not so much as the cheek from the result of gelatinase activity detected in the tape stripped SC. Skin elasticity decreased with ageing at the neck site as well as the cheek site. Fine wrinkles were remarkably increased in the direction of Langer's line with ageing at the neck. Most skin physiological parameters at the neck showed the value between the cheek (heavily sun-exposed area) and back (not sun-exposed area). From these results, it was considered that not only intrinsic ageing but also photo-ageing affected the neck skin. We developed the prototype of cosmetics corresponding to neck skin physiology based on these results, and evaluated the effectiveness of the prototype product by a consumer test including skin measurement for 4 weeks. After treatment, water content increased, and it gave satisfaction in the skin colour brightness, skin elasticity and skin texture improvements for almost all volunteers. It was concluded that the prototype product was useful in neck skin treatment.     

基于图像处理的织物保形性检测

为更加全面、准确地评价织物保形性,开发了能够模拟织物在日常使用中被压皱后展平的恢复过程动态检测系统.通过检测系统获取织物折痕回复的视频序列,利用程序提取出各时刻的单帧视频图像,然后依次对图像进行预处理、二值化处理与细化处理,最后提取出反映织物保形性的指标,包括顶角、顶高、保形面积.实验结果表明:在折痕回复阶段,随时间延...     

液氨处理对锦纶/棉混纺织物性能的影响

锦纶/棉混纺织物存在易折皱外观不平整的问题,制约了其在高档服装上的应用。为此,以锦纶/棉混纺织物为研究对象,在坯布预处理后染整前对其进行液氨处理,研究了液氨处理对织物拉伸强力、撕破强力、折皱回复角及表面性能的影响。通过平滑感、温暖感及柔软感3个定量指标,评价液氨处理前后锦/棉混纺织物的风格、手感变化情况。结果表明:液氨整理可以提升锦/棉织物的拉伸强力及撕破强力,处理后织物的折皱回复角从218°提升至252.3°,粗糙度波长与振幅之比从50.46降低至44.87,表明液氨处理后织物的抗皱性和平滑感均得到了明显改善;尽管液氨处理未明显改善织物的柔软感,但处理织物的热导率较未处理织物仍有一定程度降低,致使织物接触温暖感有所提升。