Nano-ZrO2/Ni composite coatings were prepared through co-depositing nano-ZrO2 particles and pure nickel by electro-brush plating (EBP). By analyzing the effects of microstructure, annealing and load on contact fatigue life, the contact fatigue behavior of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating was investigated. Furthermore, the contact fatigue behaviors of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating and the nickel EBP coating were compared. The results show that the nano-ZrO2 particles in the as-deposited nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating were partially conglomerated, and the microstructure of the annealed nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating was finer. Under the as-deposited condition, the contact fatigue life of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating was much lower than that of the nickel EBP coating. After the annealing process, the contact fatigue life of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating was greatly increased and much higher than that of the nickel EBP coating. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fatigue fracture zones and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of microstructure of the deformation layer show that the annealing could improve the ductility of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating, and the nano-ZrO2 particles could restrain the propagation of the fatigue cracks, which contributed to the enhancement of the contact fatigue properties of the nano-ZrO2/Ni EBP coating. 相似文献
In this paper, the use of the ball burnishing process to improve the final quality of form tools (moulds and dies) is studied. This process changes the roughness of the previously ball-end milled surfaces, achieving the finishing requirements for plastic injection moulds and stamping dies. Ball burnishing can be easily applied in the same machining centres as those used for milling. In this way, both lead times and production costs can be dramatically reduced.
Both the burnishing system and its main parameters are taken into account, considering their influence on finishing. Workpiece surface integrity is ensured due to the surface smoothing effect of process and the associated cold working. Examples of different materials, machined surfaces, and industrial applications are explained, with respect to the maximum and mean surface roughness achieved.
The main conclusion is that using a large radial depth of cut in the previous ball-end milling operation, together with a small radial depth during burnishing can produce acceptable final roughness. Savings of production times are high, as burnishing is applied using the maximum linear feed of the machine, while milling must be made at moderate feeds. Moreover, ball burnishing NC programming is less critical and needs less care in its definition than CAM for milling. 相似文献
The relative sliding motion of two elastic bodies in contact induces wear process and contact shape evolution. In the case of a punch sliding on a substrate the transient process tends to a steady state for which the fixed contact stress and strain distribution develops in the contact zone. This state usually corresponds to a minimum of the wear dissipation power. The optimality conditions of the wear dissipation functional provide the contact stress distribution and the wear rate compatible with the rigid body punch motion. The present paper is aimed to extend the previous analyses [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] of steady state conditions to cases of periodic sliding of punch, assuming cyclic steady state conditions for both mechanical and thermal fields. 相似文献
Calculation methods of spur and helical gear drives for preliminary designs or standardization purposes available in technical literature, use the Hertz equation to evaluate the contact stress, assuming the load to be uniformly distributed along the line of contact. However, this model presents some discrepancies with experimental results because the changing rigidity of the pair of teeth along the path of contact produces a non-uniform load distribution, which implies that some load distribution factors are required to compute the contact stress. In this paper, a non-uniform model of load distribution along the line of contact, recently developed, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, has been used. This model combined with the Hertz equation yields more accurate values of the contact stress. As the load per unit of length at any point of the line of contact and any position of the meshing cycle has been described by a very simple analytic equation, a complete study of the location and value of the critical contact stress has been carried out. From this study, a recommendation for the calculation of the pitting load capacity of spur and helical gears is proposed. 相似文献
We discuss a new interpretation of mirror electron microscopy (MEM) images, whereby electric field distortions caused by surface topography and/or potential variations are sufficiently large to create caustics in the image contrast. Using a ray-based trajectory method, we consider how a family of rays overlaps to create caustics in the vicinity of the imaging plane of the magnetic objective lens. Such image caustics contain useful information on the surface topography and/or potential, and can be directly related to surface features. Specifically we show how a through-focus series of MEM images can be used to extract the contact angle of a Ga droplet on a GaAs (001) surface. 相似文献