Antistatic and wetting properties of chemodegradable cationic surfactants containing 1,3-dioxolane moiety

In this paper we report some performance properties of [(2-alkyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methyl]trimethylammonium bromides (C _n -D-TAB, where C _n =n-C₉H₁₉, n-C₁₁H₂₃, n-C₁₃H₂₇), [(2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methyl] dimethylammonium bromides (C _n C _m -D-TAB, where C _n =n-C₈H₁₇, n-C₁₀H₂₁ and C _m =CH₃ or C _n =C _m =n-C₆H₁₃), in relation to classical alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C _n -TAB, where C _n =n-C₁₂H₂₅, n-C₁₄H₂₉ or C₁₆H₃₃) and dialkyldimethylammonium bromides (C _n C _m -DAB, where C _n =C _m =n-C₁₀H₂₁ and C₁₂H₂₅). Antistatic properties were measured by means of surface resistance (R _s), half charge decay time τ_1/2, and maximal voltage induced (U _ind) on polyethylene (PE) film and polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. Wetting ability is reported as the concentration of surfactant necessary for immersion of a cottonfabric ring in 100 s, according to the Polish Standard PN-74/C-04800. All acetal-type surfactants showed the antistatic effect. The best results were given by C₉-D-TAB [R _s=8.5·10⁷ (PE), 1.1·10⁸ Ω (PP); τ_1/2=0.25 (PE), 0.30 s (PP); U _ind=205 (PE), 220 V (PP)] and C₁₁-D-TAB [R _s=8.7·10⁷ (PE), 1.3·10⁸ Ω (PP); τ_1/2=0.25 (PE), 0.30 s (PP); U _ind=190 (PE), 340 V (PP)] in relation to pure PE foils and PP fabric: R _s=3.0·10¹⁴ (PE), 9.8·10¹⁴ Ω (PP); τ_1/2=>600 (PE), >600 s (PP); U _ind=985 (PE), 940 V (PP). Both C₉-D-TAB and C₁₁-D-TAB indicate similar degrees of antistatic ability compared to C₁₀C₁₀-DAB. All C _n -TAB compounds do not show any antistatic effects. It was concluded that addition of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety to the hydrophobic tail of quaternary ammonium salts promotes both antistatic and wetting properties. Additionally, methyl or n-hexyl group incorporation at the C-2 carbon atom in the 1,3-dioxolane ring significantly decreases the surface conductivity.     

含纳米组装高分子的抗静电纤维

采用共聚法合成分子上含有纳米组装高分子的抗静电剂,并将其与聚酯切片共混纺丝制备永久性抗静电聚酯纤维,纤维抗静电性和耐洗涤性优良、稳定。对抗静电机理作了初步探讨。     

聚酯纤维染色抗静电同浴法研究

聚酯纤维在染色同时进行抗静电整理是可行的,关键在于抗静电剂的选择,不同种类抗静电剂对染色性能影响有三种可能:协同、抵消和无影响。烷基磷酸酯盐阴离子型抗静电剂不但具有满意的抗静电效果,且能提高上染率,上染速率,其染色牢度及纤维强度不受影响。     

阻燃,抗静电PA6的研制

研究了PA6的阻燃、抗静电体系,考察了不同阻燃剂、抗静电剂对PA6阻燃和抗静电性能的影响。结果表明,选择热分解温度300～400℃的多元阻燃体系,配以适量的内部抗静电剂,并注重二者的协同效应,能制得阻燃性能达到MT113—85标准、表面电阻率<3×10~8Ω的PA6材料。     

双抗复合滤料的研究与生产

本文论述了多功能双抗复合滤料研制开发及至工业化生产的情况。该项目研究了纤维性能、配对比滤料双抗性能的影响、生产工艺参数的选择，并通过试验和测试，证明了双抗滤料的阻燃和导电性能。     

Thermal Kinetic Parameters of Lead Azide and Lead Styphnate with Antistatic Additives

Three antistatic additives were applied to improve the antistatic abilities of lead styphnate and lead azide. It has been found that PVA and DEX are more effective antistatic additives for LA, whereas CMC and DEX are more appropriate for LS by electrostatic accumulation test. The dynamic vacuum stability test (DVST) method was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of LA/PVA, LA/DEX, LS/CMC, LS/DEX, thermal kinetic parameters are obtained. The results show that antistatic additives have influence on the thermal kinetic parameters that lead to the thermal decomposition reaction which requires more energy, thus increasing the thermal stability of primary explosive. However, the reaction mechanism function that insure the explosive properties remained unchanged.     

PDMMC抗静电剂的合成及实验室评价

研究了水溶液聚合方法合成了聚2－甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（PDMMC）阳离子型高分子抗静电剂。采有正交实验方法分析讨论了聚合体系单体质量浓度、引发剂用量、聚合体系pH值,对聚合物特性粘数（[η]）的影响,从中优化出最佳反应条件,并对该高分子抗静电剂在丙纶地毯短纤维上应用的抗静电性能进行了实验室评价。     

聚酯聚醚嵌段共聚型亲水整理剂PPBC的应用研究

采用对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)、乙二醇(EG)和聚乙二醇(PEG),通过酯交换、缩聚反应合成一定分子量的聚酯聚醚嵌段共聚型亲水整理剂PPBC,并应用于在涤纶织物亲水舒适整理,同时讨论PEG分子量对亲水整理剂PPBC亲水性能的影响.结果表明,经过亲水整理剂PPBC整理的织物亲水性、易去污和抗静电性得到明显的改善,并具有一定的耐洗性;与同类或其它类亲水整理剂相比,其具有较好的亲水性.     

Preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride coating modified by well-dispersed MEA-ATO@HNTs and its photocatalytic,antistatic and thermal insulation properties

In this study, Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) fixed and loaded on one-dimensional halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were fabricated using the co-precipitation method to improve photocatalytic efficiency and dispersion of ATO. After that well dispersed ATO@HNTs nanofiller (AH) modified by monoethanolamine (mAH) was also embedded in the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating by solution blend to further broaden the application fields. The results showed the introduction of HNTs accelerates electron transfer and promotes the decomposition of rhodamine B (Rh B). More significantly, with the effect of the well-dispersed mAH nanofillers, PVDF coating containing 15% mAH degraded more than 90% of Rh B under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 2 h, which was 1.2 times higher than that of PVDF coating. In addition, the PVDF/mAH-15% coating exhibits excellent antistatic stability under the harsh conditions of photoaging and thermal aging. Moreover, by comparing temperature differences, the thermal insulation performance of PVDF/mAH-15 coating with 70.24% visible light transmittance is significantly improved by reducing heat conduction and radiation at the same time.