纳米ATO粉在高分子抗静电材料中的应用

文中从抗静电涂料、抗静电纤维及抗静电塑料3个方面综述了纳米ATO导电粉在高分子抗静电材料中应用的研究进展,并指出了有待于深入研究的几个问题.     

塑料抗静电剂国内外研究进展

本文阐述了抗静电剂的作用机理与使用方法,并介绍了抗静电剂的国内外研究进展。     

双三羟甲基丙烷磷酸酯盐织物抗静电剂的合成工艺研究

以三氯氧磷（PO）和双三羟甲基丙烷（DTMP）以及氢氧化钾为原料,合成了织物抗静电整理剂双三羟甲基丙烷双磷酸酯钾盐。主要考察了原料配比、反应温度及反应时间对反应过程的影响,确定了最佳反应条件：n（PO）：n（DTMP）=4：1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为5h,收率为95．04％。     

PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH防静电包装材料的制备与性能研究

可降解防静电包装材料在保留传统防静电材料性能的前提下,可完全生物降解,符合环保要求。为了制备具有优异力学和导电性能的可生物降解防静电包装材料,本研究先对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行羧基化,然后通过熔融共混法制备PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH复合材料。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对制备的复合材料的链结构和热性能进行表征,并且通过万能材料试验机、数字冲击试验机和多功能数据采集仪研究了复合材料的力学和导电性能。结果表明:将CNTs-COOH引入PLA/PBAT体系中,可在不降低拉伸强度的同时,有效提高冲击强度,降低表面电阻率,CNTs-COOH的最佳添加量为1wt%~1.5wt%。该PLA/PBAT/CNTs-COOH复合材料可用于静电敏感产品的防静电包装。     

Multiblock poly(ether-b-amide) copolymers comprised of PA1212 and PPO-PEO-PPO with specific moisture-responsive and antistatic properties

Functional multiblock poly(ether-b-amide) (PEBA) copolymers, comprised of PA1212 (polyamide 1212) as hard segments and Jeffamine ED-2003 as soft segments, were successfully prepared via two-step melt polycondensation without any amidation catalyst. Here, using diamino-terminated poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO-PEO-PPO), Jeffamine ED-2003, enhances the compatibility between polyamide oligomer and polyether, which is better than the traditional route using hydroxyl-terminated polyether. The chemical structure of multiblock PEBAs, as well as the microphase separated structure with crystalline phase of polyamide and polyether, were confirmed by heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectrum, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The hydrophilic PEBA copolymers showed water adsorption ranging from 87.3% to 17.1% depending on the polyether content, and specially showed moisture responsive behavior within seconds when exposed to moisture. The corresponding mechanism was studied using time-resolved attenuated total reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy in the molecular level and the water diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 1.07×10^–8 cm²·s^-1. Two-dimensional correlation FT-IR spectra analysis was performed to confirm that the interaction between water and polyether phase was in preference to that between water and polyamide matrix, and water molecule only forms hydrogen bond with the polyether segment. Due to the incorporation of PEO segments, the PEBAs have the surface resistivity varying from 5.6×10⁹ to 6.5×10¹⁰ Ω, which makes PEBA potential candidate as permanent antistatic agent.     

导电纤维在防静电针织物中的含量及性能研讨

研究了防静电针织物中导电纤维的间隔距离与导电纤维的含量以及织物的抗静电性能的关系，通过计算机曲线模拟，求出变量之间的回归曲线方程，根据织物的允许电荷面密度计算出导电丝的理论间距和理论含量。     

含糖苷基的新型表面活性剂的合成研究

用玉米淀粉与3-氯-丙二醇反应后再与高级叔胺反应制得含糖苷基的新型表面活性剂。研究了玉米淀粉与3-氯-丙二醇反应的最佳工艺条件和最佳参数。     

小尺寸电起爆器防静电设计方法

在不尺寸电起爆器的结构设计中，通过设置绝缘环和空气间隙，不仅满足了起爆器绝缘性的要求，也达到了防静电要求。     

聚酰亚胺/导电石墨抗静电复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合法制备了聚酰亚胺/导电石墨(PI/CG)抗静电复合材料薄膜,并探讨了复合膜的结构、微观形貌以及导电石墨用量对其表面电阻率、热性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合膜亚胺化完全、热性能得到提高;石墨的用量为15 phr时,复合膜表面电阻率的数量级为109Ω,达到抗静电的最佳要求范围。     

聚氯乙烯抗静电复合材料性能的研究

以聚氯乙烯为基体树脂,研究了5种不同类型的抗静电剂对聚乙烯抗静电复合材料的抗静电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,炭黑可以显著地提高聚氯乙烯复合材料的抗静电性能;单甘酯对聚氯乙烯复合材料无抗静电效果。