基于SSA-ELM的双层十字梁结构光纤布拉格光栅传感器三维力解耦

针对三维力传感器维间耦合干扰严重的问题,以双层十字梁结构光纤布拉格光栅三维力传感器为研究对象,提出了基于麻雀搜索算法优化极限学习机(Sparrow Search Algorithm–Extreme Learning Machine,SSA-ELM)的解耦算法.首先,研究了光纤布拉格光栅的传感及测力原理,揭示该三维力传感...     

基于光纤光栅的高速气流总温测量方法

针对航空发动机高速气流总温测量的需求,结合光纤光栅尺寸小、无需回路的结构特点,本文提出一种采用光纤光栅作为感温元的滞止罩式微型总温探针设计与测量方法。通过数值模拟方法对光纤光栅总温探针进行了气动结构设计,分析了探针结构参数对总温测量结果的影响;在此基础上,制作了光纤光栅总温探针,搭建了总温测量数据处理系统,并通过亚音速风洞试验测试了光纤光栅总温探针的工作性能。结果表明,在马赫数为0.3～0.8亚音速气流冲击下,光纤光栅总温探针具有良好的滞止效果和稳定性,马赫数大于0.5时其复温系数达到0.8以上,在马赫数为0.8时达0.99。所制作的微型光纤光栅总温探针直径低至0.8 mm,结构尺寸远低于热电偶探针,在满足总温精准测量的同时,可有效降低对流场的干扰。     

基于无芯光纤与光栅级联的反射式大量 程高分辨力海水温度传感器

针对海洋环境探测中海水温度的大量程高分辨力测量需求,本文提出并验证了一种基于无芯光纤(NCF)与光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)级联的反射式传感器。传感器的制作过程包括将刻有FBG的单模光纤与带有涂覆层的NCF熔接,之后在NCF的端面上镀金膜形成反射镜,最后将光纤结构封装于毛细管中。其中,无涂覆层的NCF是多模波导,而有涂覆层的NCF可以看作反谐振反射波导,理论分析可知多模干涉和反谐振效应叠加得到输出光谱。由于聚合物涂覆层的热光系数较高,干涉波长的位置随着温度变化发生明显偏移。根据FBG中心波长和干涉波长所在位置,通过对应的拟合曲线可以计算出准确的温度值。实验结果表明,在-6℃～54℃温度范围内,最小可探测温度分辨力为0.000 1℃。该反射式光纤传感器具有加工方便、结构紧凑、灵敏度高等优点,在大范围高分辨力海水温度测量中具有很大的应用潜力。     

基于光纤光栅和支持向量机的声发射定位系统

利用光纤光栅传感器和边缘滤波原理构建传感系统,结合小波分解与重构和支持向量机算法,对铝合金板声发射定位进行了研究。根据划分区域进行声发射实验,探索声发射源所在区域与信号特征之间的关系。在对声发射信号进行小波分解的基础上,使用近似系数和细节系数进行重构,并对重构后的各信号计算其振荡能量作为信号特征,进行声发射区域识别。以重构信号的振荡能量作为输入、声发射区域位置类别作为输出构建支持向量机多分类模型,实现了声发射区域定位识别。实验结果表明,在400mm×400mm×2mm的铝合金板上对36个测试样本进行了多次声发射区域定位识别,在180次模拟实验中实现了176次声发射区域准确定位,正确率达到97.78%,声发射区域识别精度为30mm×30mm。该研究结果为机械结构的声发射区域定位检测提供了有效方法。     

Monitoring corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures via fiber Bragg grating sensors

Corrosion of steel and rebar in concrete structures is one of the most frequent reasons for civil infrastructure failures. Thus, improving the effective corrosion sensor technology can greatly reduce cost and provide safe structures with long service lives. However, assessing the corrosion condition of rebars is not simple because they are buried in concrete. In this paper, using fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a corrosion sensor for monitoring steel rebars embedded in a concrete structure is developed and validated by experiments. Based on the fact that the volume and diameter of a rebar embedded in concrete will enlarge due to corrosion, an FBG packaged with fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is wrapped on the steel bar. During corrosion, the increase in the bar diameter leads to the increase in fiber strain, which can be measured by the shift of the wavelength of FBG. Performances of the corrosion sensor are validated by accelerating corrosion in lab experiments. The corrosion sensor is embedded in a concrete specimen put in a 5% sodium chloride solution with a constant current. Experimental results show that the corrosion sensor can monitor the concurrence of corrosion of rebars in concrete. The corrosion extent can be quantitatively evaluated through the change in the wavelength of FBG. Therefore, the corrosion sensor developed in this paper is feasible for monitoring the early corrosion of rebars in concrete.     

Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg grating sensor

This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.     

光纤光栅用于低阻抗材料动态性能测试的研究

光纤Bragg光栅用于材料性能测试是一个重要的研究方向。本文介绍了基于分离式霍布金逊压杆(SHPB)的低阻抗材料动态性能测试的原理;探讨了光纤光栅传感器用于SHPB实验装置中应变测试的相关问题;推导了低阻抗弹性杆中传播的应力波σ与光纤光栅传感器的波长漂移量ΔλB之间的关系式;构建了光纤光栅高频动态应变测试系统,对SHPB实验装置中被撞击弹性杆的表面应变进行了测试,并与现有仪器进行了对比;实验结果显示,构建的光纤光栅动态应变测试系统在10KHz的频率范围内,具有40dB的信噪比;研究表明,光纤光栅在低阻抗材料的动态性能测试中具有很好的应用前景。     

基于光纤光栅传感的公路轮轴识别系统

研制了一种新型的光纤光栅公路轮轴识别系统。系统由12个光纤光栅压力开关传感器按照一定的串接方式组合而成。光纤光栅压力开关传感器是针对轮轴识别系统的要求而专门研制的。从理论上分析了该识别系统的工作原理,并进行了实验研究,取得了一致的实验结果。经过不同车型数次过车实验证明:该轮轴识别系统识别准确率达100%。该系统不怕潮湿、粉尘、抗电磁干扰,有望替代现有的电类产品,在工程实践中获得广泛应用。     

波登管式光纤布拉格光栅压强传感器

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感模型，提出了一种悬臂梁与波登管相结合的光纤光栅压强传感器的组合设计，推导了光纤布拉格光栅中心波长偏移量与压强之间的解析关系式。理论和实验结果表明，压强调谐光纤布拉格波长的灵敏度系数的理论值与实验值分别为0．2246nm／MPa、0．2218nm／MPa，在0～6MPa测压范围内，调谐范围为1．35n／n．