Nd—Pd—Ru三元系富钯区域的相图

用Ｘ射线衍射和金相显微镜分析方法研究了Ｎｄ－Ｐｄ－Ｒｕ三元系的富钯区域，作出部分相图的７００℃等温截面。发现Ｒｕ在（ＮｄＰｄ３）中有高达１３ａｔ％的固溶度。该截面上存在４个单相区：（Ｐｄ），（Ｒｕ），ＮｄＰｄ５和ＮｄＰｄ３；５个二相区：（Ｐｄ）＋（Ｒｕ），（Ｐｄ）＋ＮｄＰｄ５，ＮｄＰｄ５＋ＮｄＰｄ３，ＮｄＰｄ３＋（Ｒｕ）和ＮｄＰｄ５＋（Ｒｕ）；２个三相区：（Ｒｕ）＋ＮｄＰｄ３＋ＮｄＰｄ５和（Ｐｄ）＋（Ｒｕ）＋ＮｄＰｄ５。     

Thermodynamic database of the phase diagrams in the Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce system

The Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce system is one of the key systems for designing high-strength Mg alloys. The purpose of the present article is to develop a thermodynamic database for the Mg-Al-Zn-Y-Ce multicomponent system to design Mg alloys using the calculation of phase diagrams （CALPHAD） method, where the Gibbs energies of solution phases such as liquid, fcc, bcc, and hcp phases were described by the subregular solution model, whereas those of all the compounds were described by the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters describing Gibbs energies of the different phases in this database were evaluated by fitting the experimental data for phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties. On the basis of this database, a lot of information concerning stable and metastable phase equilibria of isothermal and vertical sections, molar fractions of constituent phases, the liquidus projection, etc., can be predicted. This database is expected to play an important role in the design of Mg alloys.     

Metallochemical Analysis of the Reaction in a Mixture of Nickel and Aluminum Powders

Phaseformation processes are considered at the level of a mesocell of a mixture with the use of the state diagram for a binary system. Consecutive schemes of metallochemical reactions of formation and decomposition of intermetallide compounds in a mixture of nickel and aluminum powders are suggested. The problem of diffusion annealing of this mixture is numerically solved for two different conditions: at a constant temperature and at a temperature slowly increasing by a linear law.     

Polylactide films formed by immersion precipitation: Effects of additives,nonsolvent, and temperature

The influence of nonsolvent, crystallinity of the polymer film, and addition of dodecane (a poor solvent for the polymer and for the nonsolvent) on the morphology of polylactides films has been investigated and was related to phase separation behavior. Both amorphous poly‐DL ‐lactide (PDLLA) and crystalline poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) were dissolved in dichloromethane, and subsequently films were made by immersion in nonsolvent baths. PDLLA gave dense films without any internal structure, since the structure was not solidified by crystallization or glassification. PLLA films show varying structure depending on the nonsolvent. With methanol, asymmetric morphologies were observed as a result from combined liquid‐liquid demixing and crystallization, while with water symmetric spherulitic structures were formed. As a next step, dodecane was added, which is not miscible with the nonsolvent, and we found it to have a strong influence on the morphology of the films. The PDLLA films with dodecane did not collapse: a closed cell structure was obtained. In PLLA films, dodecane speeds up phase separation and induces faster crystallization in the films, and the porosity, size of the pores, and interconnectivity increased. When the PLLA solutions were subjected to a heat pretreatment, crystallization could be postponed, which yielded a cellular structure around dodecane, which did not contain spherulites anymore. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 959–971, 2007     

反相微乳液法制备高溶度ZrO2陶瓷墨水(Ⅰ)

尝试采用新颖的反相微乳液法制备陶瓷墨水，为了获得高溶度陶瓷墨水，对反相微乳液体系优选进行研究，着重就Triton x-100/醇／烷／水体系，采用目测法，分光光度法，电导率法和离心分离法，分别考察了不同醇，烷配伍时体系的稳定性和相关物理性质，根据这些性质是否突变以确定体系是否发生相变，给出了体系拟三元相图。实验表明，在20℃时Triton x-100／正己醇／环己烷／水反相微乳液体系表现优异，当Triton x-100与正醇的质量比为3：2时达到最大范围的反相微乳液区，最大溶水量时的最佳组成为Triton x-100:正己醇：环己烷：水＝19．1％：12．8％：23．7％：44．4％（质量比）。     

Thermodynamic assessment of MCl–YCl3 (M=Na,K, Rb,Cs) systems

Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the MCl–YCl₃ (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs) systems were reassessed by using the CALPHAD method with the latest phase diagram data. A two-sublattice ionic solution model (M⁺)_P(Cl⁻, ${\mathrm{YCL}}_6^{3-}$, YCl₃)_Q reflecting the ionic behavior of the components was adopted to describe the liquid phase in the systems. A new set of optimized model parameters was found, and the calculated phase diagrams and enthalpies of mixing have good agreement with experimental data. The calculated liquidus near to YCl₃ side agrees much better with experimental data compared with previous work. In consideration of high and low temperature modifications as well as stability of intermediate compounds, Gibbs energies of formation of these compounds evaluated in the present work are more reasonable.     

An understanding of high entropy alloys from phase diagram calculations

The concept of High Entropy Alloy (HEA) is understood from the point of view of phase diagram calculation. The role of entropy of mixing on the phase stability is discussed for both ideal and non-ideal solid solution phases. The relative stability of a solid solution phase and line compounds is illustrated using hypothetical systems. Calculated binary and multicomponent phase diagrams are used to explain the phenomena observed experimentally for HEAs. The potential of using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach in aiding the design of alloys with multiple key components is also discussed.     

Experimental investigations and thermodynamic modelling of KCl–LiCl–UCl3 system

Experimental investigations and Gibbs energy modelling of KCl–LiCl–UCl₃ system employing CALPHAD method are reported. Gibbs energy modelling of the subsystems KCl–UCl₃ and LiCl–UCl₃ was carried out primarily using phase diagram data from the literature. For the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl subsystem, new phase boundary data corresponding to four terminal compositions $(x_{\mathrm{LiCl}}=0.03$, 0.05, 0.95 and 0.97) obtained through differential thermal analysis data along with thermochemical and phase diagram data from the literature were used. Thermal analysis was also carried out for KCl–LiCl eutectic mixture containing small amounts of UCl₃ $(x_{{\mathrm{UCl}}_3}=9.03\times {10}^{-3}$ and $1.79\times {10}^{-2}$). The liquidus temperatures for these compositions were found to be 637 K and 674 K. Electromotive force data for dilute solutions of UCl₃ in the KCl–LiCl eutectic melt, measured in the temperature range 708–833 K in the present work, were found to be in good agreement with the literature data. These data were also used as input for the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl–UCl₃ system. In order to improve the quality of the resulting Gibbs energy functions of the quasibinaries and the quasiternary, enthalpies of mixing of the corresponding melts estimated using an empirical correlation based on surrounded-ion model were also used as input. Finally, the generated Gibbs energy functions were used to compute phase equilibria.