连续重整装置设计参数的选择

揭示了连续重整的反应温度、压力、空速、氢油比、催化剂循环速率的相互关系,以及催化剂、原料和产品辛烷值对这些参数的影响。通过对比现有连续重整装置的设计参数及实际运行状况,充分考虑连续重整工艺和催化剂的技术进步,对新建连续重整装置的设计参数进行了探讨。     

Biological Profiling of Anti‐HIV Agents and Insight into CCR5 Antagonist Binding Using in silico Techniques

Molecular requirements and determinants for efficient binding to CCR5 were interpreted by computational techniques based on comparative receptor structure modeling, advanced 3D‐QSAR, docking, and shape‐based virtual screening of commercially available entry blockers. Results of this study may be valuable for predicting new HIV entry‐blocking leads.

     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中立方反射镜特性分析

在傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中,用立方反射镜作为动镜的光路系统比平面镜时的情形复杂。通过建立系统的数学模型分析光路,确定了干涉信号的数学表达式;从干涉图调制度的角度对系统在非理想状态下的运动误差容限以及安装误差容限进行了分析。结果表明,与动镜和定镜都采用角反射体的系统相比较,该系统动镜运动中其偏摆和顶点横移不会对干涉图产生影响;与动镜为平面镜的系统相比较,该系统不需要对动镜的动态校正就能满足调制度判据要求。     

Potent CCR3 Receptor Antagonist,SB328437, Suppresses Colonic Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Inflammation in the Winnie Murine Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis

Eosinophils and their regulatory molecules have been associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions; eosinophil accumulation in the gut is prominent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The chemokine receptor CCR3 plays a pivotal role in local and systemic recruitment and activation of eosinophils. In this study, we targeted CCR3-ligand interactions with a potent CCR3 receptor antagonist, SB328437, to alleviate eosinophil-associated immunological responses in the Winnie model of spontaneous chronic colitis. Winnie and C57BL/6 mice were treated with SB328437 or vehicle. Clinical and histopathological parameters of chronic colitis were assessed. Flow cytometry was performed to discern changes in colonic, splenic, circulatory, and bone marrow-derived leukocytes. Changes to the serum levels of eosinophil-associated chemokines and cytokines were measured using BioPlex. Inhibition of CCR3 receptors with SB328437 attenuated disease activity and gross morphological damage to the inflamed intestines and reduced eosinophils and their regulatory molecules in the inflamed colon and circulation. SB328437 had no effect on eosinophils and their progenitor cells in the spleen and bone marrow. This study demonstrates that targeting eosinophils via the CCR3 axis has anti-inflammatory effects in the inflamed intestine, and also contributes to understanding the role of eosinophils as potential end-point targets for IBD treatment.     

The Role of CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Treatment: From Animal Experiments to Clinical Trials

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a member of the monocyte chemokine protein family, which binds to its receptor CCR2 to induce monocyte infiltration and mediate inflammation. The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway participates in the transduction of neuroinflammatory information between all types of cells in the central nervous system. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown that CCL2/CCR2 mediate the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and a higher CCL2 level in serum is associated with a higher risk of any form of stroke. In the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression of CCL2/CCR2 is increased in the ischemic penumbra, which promotes neuroinflammation and enhances brain injury. In the later phase, it participates in the migration of neuroblasts to the ischemic area and promotes the recovery of neurological function. CCL2/CCR2 gene knockout or activity inhibition can reduce the nerve inflammation and brain injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting that the development of drugs regulating the activity of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway could be used to prevent and treat the cell injury in the acute phase and promote the recovery of neurological function in the chronic phase in ischemic stroke patients.     

Overexpression of VEGF in the MOPC 315 Plasmacytoma Induces Tumor Immunity in Mice

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has important effects on hematopoietic and immune cells. A link between VEGF expression, tumor progression, and metastasis has been established in various solid tumors; however, the impact of VEGF expression by hematopoietic neoplasias remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of VEGF in plasma cell neoplasia. Overexpression of VEGF in MOPC 315 tumor cells (MOPCSVm) had no effect on their growth in vitro. However, constitutive ectopic expression of VEGF dramatically reduced tumorigenicity of MOPC 315 when implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. Mice implanted with MOPCSVm effectively rejected tumor grafts and showed strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against parental MOPC 315 cells. MOPCSVm implants were not rejected in nude mice, suggesting the process is T-cell-dependent. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from recipients inoculated with MOPCSVm cells conferred immunity to naïve BALB/c mice, and mice surviving inoculation with MOPCSVm rejected the parental MOPC 315 tumor cells following a second inoculation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MOPCSVm induced a massive infiltration of CD3⁺ cells and MHC class II⁺ cells in vivo. In addition, exogenous VEGF induced the expression of CCR3 in T cells in vitro. Together, these data are the first to demonstrate that overexpression of VEGF in plasmacytoma inhibits tumor growth and enhances T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response.     

Increased L-Selectin on Monocytes Is Linked to the Autoantibody Profile in Systemic Sclerosis

Monocytes are known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), as they exert prominent migratory, adhesive, and chemotactic properties. The aim of our study was to characterize the surface expression of adhesion/chemotactic molecules (CD62L, CD11b, CCR2, CCR5) on the SSc monocytes and determine correlations with the clinical presentation of SSc. We included 38 SSc patients and 36 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. Isolated monocytes, as well as in vitro serum-treated monocytes, were analyzed by flow cytometry; additionally, soluble CD62L was measured in serum. We found increased soluble CD62L in the SSc serum samples and increased CD62L on the surface of the SSc monocytes in the in the same set of patients. Among samples with determined SSc-specific autoantibodies, the surface CD62L was the lowest in patients positive for anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies and the highest in patients with anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies (ATA). The treatment of isolated healthy monocytes with ATA-positive SSc serum resulted in increased surface CD62L expression. Moreover, surface CCR5 was reduced on the monocytes from SSc patients with interstitial lung disease but also, along with CCR2, negatively correlated with the use of analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants. In conclusion, increased CD62L on SSc monocytes, particularly in ATA-positive patients, provides new insights into the pathogenesis of SSc and suggests CD62L as a potential therapeutic target.     

轻油裂解催化剂的性能测试

分析了催化剂的表面性质及Ni含量等的改变原因,通过新催化剂与使用3个月后的催化剂的比较,提出了对催化剂在应用过程中的保护性意见。     

Development of the First Potential Nonpeptidic Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for the Imaging of CCR2 Receptors

Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of highly selective CCR2 antagonists as ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracers. The derivatives were evaluated extensively for their off-target profile at 48 different targets. The most potent and selective candidate was applied in vivo in a biodistribution study, demonstrating a promising profile for further preclinical development. This compound represents the first potential nonpeptidic PET tracer for the imaging of CCR2 receptors.     

Novel directional projection screen using divergent corner cube retroreflector with a three‐sided curved surface (D‐CCR)

We devised and developed a novel directive projection screen for applications such as personal use, small group meeting, automotive pillar, and near‐eye. This screen reflects diffused light at an angle Δθ_view around a direction deviated by θ_view from the direction of the projector. By applying this screen to automobiles, for example, by installing a projector at a position slightly shifted from the driver, it is possible to reflect the projected light with high efficiency to a certain range around the face of driver. To realize such a characteristic, a hollow corner cube retroreflector (CCR) was modified as follows. The bottom surface of the CCR was tilted by θ_view/2 to change the direction of the reflected light by θ_view from the retroreflection direction. In addition, three sides' surfaces of the CCR were curved, so that the light to be diffused within a designed angle (θ_view ± Δθ_view/2). The novel retroreflector CCR (D‐CCR) has a single divergent surface with a three‐sided curved surface. We fabricated a prototype with θ_view = 10° and Δθ_view = 16° (i.e., the viewing angle for a single D‐CCR, 10° ± 8°), simulated, and measured its optical properties. We closely confirmed the desired characteristics in which an optical gain of 16 was obtained.