多因素耦合作用下缓冲材料对铀的长期阻滞效应数值模拟北大核心CSCD

近场环境条件下核素在缓冲材料中的迁移扩散受控于温度场、渗流场、膨胀应力场和化学吸附场的耦合作用,其对核素的阻滞特性将影响到核素随地下水向处置库围岩迁移并返回生物圈的能力,开展多因素耦合作用下缓冲材料对铀的长期阻滞效应研究,对地质处置库的长期安全性评价具有重要的意义。本研究基于混合物理论、连续介质理论、质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒及溶质扩散的Fick定律,推导出饱和缓冲材料中核素迁移扩散的热-水-力-化耦合控制方程,并借助于COMSOL Multiphysics软件的直接全耦合求解优势,以自主研制的缓冲材料长期阻滞性能Mock-up实验装置为几何模型,采用内置接口和添加热-水-力-化耦合控制方程中的耦合项作为源项相结合方式,实现了多物理场耦合作用下铀在饱和缓冲材料中迁移扩散行为的直接耦合分析,其长期阻滞特性数值模拟结果表明:初期阶段铀在缓冲材料中迁移扩散较缓慢,迁移距离随时间增幅在1 m左右;中后期阶段,随缓冲材料对铀的吸附容量逐渐趋于饱和后,其迁移距离较初期阶段增加更为明显,迁移距离随时间增幅为3 m左右。多因素耦合下核素在饱和缓冲材料中迁移扩散的热-水-力-化耦合控制方程构建、求解及长期阻滞性能模拟研究的方法,能够为我国高放废物深地质处置库地下实验室开展1∶1工程尺度的工程屏障设计与安全性能评价提供技术参考。     

Effects of Location，Size and Number of Wind Turbine Receptorson Blade Lightning Protection

Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and so there is more probability of lightning strike.Blades are the most probable components to be struck by lightning.The most common lightning protection system for the blades consists of several metallic receptors on the blade surface.Those are connected to the ground by metallic down-conductors placed inside the blade shell.This paper studies effects of the receptor configurations on protecting the blade against lightning strike.For this purpose,an analysis procedure based on finite element method(FEM)in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used.The voltage distribution around the blade is simulated for various configurations of receptors.The best configuration is presented.Simulations are performed on the blade model of a special wind turbine,which isVESTAS V47".     

基于COMSOL仿真分析的环网柜湿度控制

环网柜在潮湿凝露的环境下长期运行会导致设备的绝缘强度下降,从而易发生放电、击穿等故障,进一步造成设备的使用寿命缩短,因此需要保证良好的环网柜运行环境。半导体冷凝除湿是新兴的除湿技术,通过将水分冷凝后排出柜体,可控制柜内湿度。利用COMSOL仿真软件对半导体冷凝除湿进行模拟,将柜内的气流场、温度场及水分传输3个物理场进行耦合,研究安装除湿器后柜内的流场、温度、相对湿度的分布变化以及除湿器安装位置对除湿效果的影响。结果表明：加装除湿器后,环网柜内温度变化不大,相对湿度在11 h左右可从90%降至50%,且除湿器安装在柜体底部的除湿效果最优,仿真结果得到了实验验证。给出的除湿器的安装位置对环网柜内温度、湿度的分布变化及对除湿效果的影响可供环网柜内安装除湿器时参考。     

随机裂隙网络储层与井筒热流耦合数值模拟

增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System,EGS)的渗流传热通道主要由注采井井筒与随机裂隙网络储层两大部分组成,过去对裂隙网络储层进行热流耦合模拟研究大多数都忽视了井筒壁的换热,导致模拟结果的准确性欠佳。为了更准确地评价EGS出力、寿命等性能指标,开展了井筒—随机裂隙网络储层热流耦合数值模拟研究,基于商业有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics对井筒与储层的渗流场、温度场进行耦合求解,分析了影响EGS采出温度与热开采速率的各项要素。研究结果表明:(1)注、采井的开孔长度(L_0)对EGS的产能与寿命具有重要影响,400 m为最佳开孔长度,其EGS具有最佳出力与寿命;(2)在井筒壁上加保温材料可以有效提高开采初、前期的采出温度,减少热损失,提高开采速率;(3)随着开采的进行,注入井周围出现明显的低温区,并沿裂隙通道向采出井方向推移,这将导致系统达到开采寿命而衰竭,应停止开采一段时间后再进行热能开采;(4)裂隙渗透率、裂隙宽度等参数对开采速率的影响都呈现正相关性,参数值增大会提高开采速率、缩短开采年限。结论认为,井筒壁的换热对于EGS出力与寿命的综合评价具有重要的意义,考虑井筒壁热损失的井筒—热储耦合模拟能够实现对EGS的完整性评价。     

CFD model for tubular SOFC directly fed by biomass

The coupling between biomass gasification and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells can represent a sustainable and efficient system for electricity production. This work aims to develop a preliminary model for the operation of a tubular, electrolyte-supported fuel cell (SOFC) fed by a syngas mixture. The fuel required by the SOFC system is produced inside the energy generator box from an integrated biomass gasification system. This study stems from the European DB-SOFC project, that proposed the exploitation of the abundant biomasses deriving from agricultural residues for energetic purposes (as from olive oil and wine production). In this study, the main processes have been simulated to find a possible configuration to obtain a power value of 200 W. 25 cells were used in the model to produce the required power. The results showed that at 0.7 V it is possible to achieve 12.3 W, when the biomass gasification was integrated into the SOFC box, while it was possible to achieve 9.6 W when the system was fed by externally produced syngas.     

Simulation of microwave's heating effect on coal seam permeability enhancement

As hydraulic fracturing was forbidden in some countries due to possible negative environmental impacts and enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM) was restricted by in-situ conditions, microwave heating was proposed to enhance coalbed permeability. One of the mechanisms of improving coal permeability with microwave irradiation is that thermal expansion caused by microwave heating. To study the influence of microwave's heating effect of coal samples, the simulations were conducted using a coupled electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical model in this paper. The temperature, Von-Mises stress and strain distribution of coal sample are recorded every 10 s. The permeability distribution is also obtained based on the relationship between strain and permeability from articles. It was found that volume average temperature, stress, strain and permeability increase almost linearly with time. The average permeability increased from 1.65×10~(-16) m~2 to 3.63×10~(-16)m~2 under 2.45 GHz and 500W microwave radiation after 300s. The significant increase proved microwave to be effective in coal seam permeability enhancement.     

Leaching resistance of hazardous waste cement solidification after accelerated carbonation

When cement-based materials are carbonated, some of their physicochemical properties are changed, which includes reductions of porosity by 20% and pH from 12 to 13 to 8–9. These changes can enhance the retention ability of cementitious solids containing hazard waste. This research studied the effect of carbonation on the leaching resistance of hazardous waste cement solidification. The finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the process of accelerated carbonation and the effect of carbonation on leaching. Laboratory tests were conducted to validate the numerical models. Parametric studies from the numerical simulations revealed that carbonation could significantly improve leaching retention capabilities of cementitious solids containing hazardous wastes.     

超导电路与体声波谐振器组成的量子iSWAP门方案

高保真度量子门的物理实现是量子计算和量子通信的关键技术之一。根据电路量子声动力学和量子电动力学,提出了由两个具有较长相干时间的超导transmon qubit和一个具有高机械品质因数的薄膜体声波谐振器组成的量子门方案,体声波谐振器起到类似微波光子通道的作用,使两个transmon qubit之间实现量子态交互。该文先用Butterworth van Dyke模型分析体声波谐振器在方案中的等效电路,构建系统的量子化哈密顿量,再用二能级原子 声子混合量子态形式编码系统的量子态,通过调节外磁场来调控系统的输入态,系统的输出态可通过测量模块得到。在Jaynes Cummings模型下,该系统能完成具有高保真度的量子相位交换（iSWAP）门操作。     

功率型白光LED可靠性的实验及仿真建模研究

快速推广LED产品到照明市场最主要的障碍在于长期的可靠性测试问题。由于长期的LED可靠性测试不符合快速且低成本的要求,因此本实验对白光LED进行步进式加速寿命老化测试,步进式环境温度从55oC到145oC变化。同时,对LED进行结温测试,并使用COMSOL仿真软件进行温度场分布仿真来模拟器件的发热情况,结果表明荧光胶处的温度高于LED芯片温度。在长期老化之后,对LED的光度进行测量,可以对LED的失效机理进行分析。通过研究温度对LED的光谱功率分布衰减的影响及光通量衰减的影响,发现在经过近3500 h的老化之后,LED的光衰很严重,表明电流及高温对LED的影响是极大的。     

几何设计对球硅太阳电池性能影响的有限元仿真

基于COMSOL软件的光学模块和半导体模块,从球缺比例、直径、正电极接触面积三个几何设计方面对球硅电池进行了仿真分析;通过对比反向饱和电流密度和理想因子,发现球硅半径越小、球缺比例越小、正电极相对接触面积越大,电池的电学特性越好;分析了不同直径球硅电池的几何特征与其光电参数之间的关联性,发现其与传统平面硅太阳电池存在显著差异。研究结果可为制作高效率低成本柔性球硅太阳电池提供理论指导。