VAV变风量系统控制的研究和探索（二）

本文主要对VAV变风量系统中出现的高大空间场所控制问题、回风系统风量平衡问题、系统噪声问题、新风量控制问题、风量测量单元（FMS）的优势、控制策略的选择和比较进行了分析、探讨,并提出了相应的解决方法。     

低噪声双轴振动筛研制

分析了双轴振动筛的噪声源、噪声特点及其发声机理;设计了用于低噪声振动筛的低噪声材料和部件,因而研制成功了一种新型的ＺＳ２０６５ＤＺ型低噪声双轴振动筛     

用声强法鉴别装载机主要噪声源

简要阐明了声强测量的基本原理,并以装载机为例探讨了声强测量法在鉴别工程机械噪声源方面的应用。     

黏弹性阻尼材料用于列车车内减振降噪的试验研究

随着车辆轻量化和乘坐舒适性要求的提高,车内噪声振动控制成为关注的问题。采用研制开发的三种阻尼材料,改性沥青、水性涂料和丁基橡胶阻尼材料,分别对车厢进行约束层和自由层阻尼处理。车厢振动噪声现场试验结果表明,改性沥青和水性涂料比丁基橡胶减振降噪效果好。阻尼材料在整个频率上降低车厢上下地板的振动;安装有阻尼材料的车厢乘坐舒适性得到提高。随着车速的增加,改性沥青和水性涂料的减振降噪效果更明显。车内声学舒适性评价表明,响度比A声级更准确说明丁基橡胶对车内噪声的影响。     

一种用于凸轮轴磨削烧伤检测的新方法

在汽车发动机制造业,凸轮轴、曲轴、气门和活塞销等重要零件的表面磨削烧伤是影响产品质量的一个重要因素。传统的测试方法却难以满足准确、快速检测的要求。对惯用的检测手段进行了简单描述,着重提出了一种新颖、高效的磨削烧伤检测方法——磁弹法。详细介绍了该种方法的工作原理、专用检测仪器的基本结构和组成（以凸轮轴为例）,叙述了应用磁弹法时的评定特征值和仪器的定标。     

某轿车减振器异响分析与优化

针对某轿车后悬架减振器出现的异响问题,进行阻尼器高频振动试验,对位移-阻尼力图形分析确定异响由复原阀系造成,通过对复原阀系进行结构设计优化,改善位移-阻尼力图形,最后将改善后的复原阀系装配于新的减振器进行噪声台架测试验证和整车道路试验验证,结果表明,改进后的减振器异响消除。     

Active/passive control of sound radiation and power flow in fluid-loaded shells

The vibration and noise radiation from fluid-loaded cylindrical shells are controlled by using multiple stiffeners and passive constrained layer damping treatment. Dynamic and fluid finite elements are developed to study the fundamental phenomena governing the coupling between the stiffened shell, with and without damping, and the fluid domain surrounding it. The models are used to predict the response of the shell and to evaluate the effect of stiffening rings and damping treatment on both the structural vibration and noise radiation in the fluid domain. The geometry of the shell and fluid domain allows the formulation of a harmonic-based model, which uncouples the fluid–structural response of modes corresponding to different numbers of circumferential nodes.In this study, it is shown that stiffening of the shell reduces the amplitude of the vibration and noise radiation, particularly for high-order lobar modes. The attenuation of the shell response and sound radiation can be increased significantly through the application of passive constrained layer damping treatments on the inner surface of the stiffening rings.     

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伊犁盆地伊宁凹陷发现有多次波严重影响目的层段反射的现象，虽经预测反褶积、波动方程外推以及ｆ－K等压制多次波，但在叠加剖面上收效甚微。文章经分析认为，该区目的层段反射系数较小,工区构造复杂,断层很多，加上多次波严重干扰，当时野外采集参数无法使有效波与多次波很好分离，也就无法使有效波获得足够高的讯噪比。拉冬域滤波是利用动校后的CMP道集在拉冬域的多次波剩余时差，根据工区多次波的频带范围，要求低频段在最小炮检距处的多次波剩余时差应超过四分之一周期以上,而最大炮检距处的多次波剩余时差必须比最小炮检距处超出一个低频视周期以上;要求高频段在最大和最小炮检距处的多次波剩余时差差值不能超过（N－4）倍的高频视周期，这样就可确保多次波落入叠加方向特性的压制区。文章还结合该区最新采集的地震资料，处理中利用拉冬域滤波方法并结合内切除，对衰减伊宁地区多次波有明显效果，从而为今后该区压制多次波提供了有效的处理方法和经验。     

YZC12Ⅱ型振动压路机的降噪技术浅析

YZC12Ⅱ型振动压路机为双频双幅串联式振动压路机,该机为全液压传动,采用全电液控制技术,具有两挡无级调速、双频双幅振动、三级减振、三级制动、铰接式转向和无级喷雾洒水等功能.投放市场后,用户反应该机机外噪声大,并存在非常刺耳的周期性啸叫声的问题.对压路机的动力系统进行分析,认为柴油机风扇在高速转动过程中,风扇叶片和高速通过发动机机罩的冷却风流所发生的周期性相互作用是产生高频噪声的主要原因.运用阻尼降噪和拍振现象的原理,对发动机机罩进风口的结构形式进行改进,将原平板式网状进风口改成百叶窗式的进风口,并在百叶窗叶片下侧粘贴海绵,同时在机罩内侧封闭部分粘贴吸音海绵.改进后测得机外噪声为95.7 dB(A),降噪效果明显.同时,在发动机罩顶部的左右方向增加两条加强筋,以使发动机机罩的固有频率远离噪声的激振频率,试验证明,经过改进后,发动机高速运转时产生的周期性啸叫声被消除.     

Mechanism of tonal noise generation from circular cylinder with spiral fin

The pitch of the spiral finned tube influences seriously to the acoustic resonance in the heat exchanger.In this research,the flow characteristics in relating to the aeolian tone from the finned cylinder are studied by the numerical simulation.It is observed that the tonal noise generated from the finned tube at two pitch spaces.The ratio of the fin pitch to the cylinder diameter is changed at 0.11 and 0.27.The tone level increases and the frequency decreases with the pitch shorter.The separation flow from the cylinder generates the span-wise vortices,Karman vortices,and the separation flow from the fin generates the stream-wise vortices.When the fin pitch ratio is small,the stream-wise vortices line up to span-wise and become weak rapidly.Only the Karman vortices are remained and integrate in span.So the Karman vortex became large.This causes the low frequency and the large aeolian tone.