Efficacy and adherence ratio of diatomaceous earth and spinosad in three wheat varieties against three stored-product insect pests

Laboratory tests were carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations; Protector, SilicoSec, and Insecto, and one spinosad dust formulation in three commercially available wheat (Triticum durum) varieties, Athos, Pontos, Sifnos, originating from Greek cultures. The efficacy of the above formulations was assessed against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum. The DE formulations were applied at three dose levels; 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, while spinosad was applied at 100, 500 and 1000 ppm of the formulation, corresponding to 0.125, 0.625 and 1.25 ppm active ingredient (a.i.), respectively. The adherence ratio of the DE and spinosad formulations to the kernels of the wheat varieties was assessed. Bioassays were carried out at 30°C and 60% r.h. Mortality was recorded after 7 and 14 d in the case of R. dominica and S. oryzae, and after 7 d, 14 d and 21 d of exposure in the case of T. confusum, on the treated varieties. Progeny production of the individuals exposed on the treated varieties was also assessed. Even the lowest dose of spinosad was highly effective (>90%) against R. dominica and S. oryzae. In the case of T. confusum a combination of longer exposures with higher doses was required for each formulation to be effective. Generally, the performance of all formulations was greater in Athos or Sifnos compared to the Pontos. Progeny production of S. oryzae and R. dominica was significantly higher in untreated Pontos than in the other varieties. Progeny production was always greater in untreated than treated substrates. Although adherence ratios for the tested DE and spinosad formulations were generally high (>90%), significant variations in adherence levels among the wheat varieties were recorded.     

餹、糖与糖食

“餹”又写作“糖”，“糖”最初用于“糟腌”义，后也可指用米或麦芽熬成的糖浆。从甘蔗中提炼出来的结晶物又称为“沙糖”。典籍记载有“糖人儿”、“糖肥皂”等各种各样的糖食。     

烤烟氨基酸含量变化规律研究

研究不同生育时期、品种、施肥量、叶位以及烘烤前后烟叶氨基酸含量的变化规律。结果表明,旺长期的氨基酸含量较高,进入成熟期后含量急剧下降。烟叶烘烤后,除胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸的含量降低外,其余14种氨基酸及氨的含量均升高。其中,升幅最大的为脯氨酸,烤后与烤前之比为4.50;相反,降幅最大的是蛋氨酸,烤后与烤前之比为0.34。上二棚叶的氨基酸含量高于或接近腰叶。不同耐肥品种间差异较大的氨基酸是脯氨酸和天门冬氨酸,并且以耐肥性强的品种高于耐肥性弱的品种。氨基酸含量与施肥量呈正相关,增幅较大的为谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和脯氨酸。烤烟叶片氨基酸、天门冬氨酸和脯氨酸。烤烟叶片氨基酸含量变异较大的是脯氨酸、谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸,可作为烟株氮素营养状况与品种耐肥性的生理指标。      

清汁二氧化硫含量及其影响因素与白砂糖残硫量关系的探讨

清汁中二氧化硫含量偏高是不少糖厂白砂糖残硫量偏高的重要原因。本文通过对生产数据进行统计分析,得出了清汁含硫量与白砂糖残硫量之间的关系,并探讨了澄清工艺技术条件、甘蔗质量（新鲜度）、硫熏中和反应程度对白砂糖残硫量的影响。结果表明,白砂糖残硫量与清汁二氧化硫含量呈正相关关系,稳定的生产工艺条件、新鲜的甘蔗、彻底的中和反应对于降低白砂糖含硫量具有至关重要的意义。     

国家甘蔗品种第4轮区试漳州蔗区2年试验总结

在2003-2004年漳州蔗区进行的2新1宿国家甘蔗品种区域试验中，参试的12个国家甘蔗品种在农艺性状方面表现为出苗率较好，分蘖力强，植株高大。对蔗茎产量和蔗糖分进行综合分析，表现最好的甘蔗品种是福农95—1702、闽糖92—505和赣南95—108；表现较好的甘蔗品种是福农96—0616和云蔗94-375；表现最差的品种是粤糖96—244；其余品种表现一般。     

Analysis of food composition data on rice from a plant genetic resources perspective

Rice accounts for 21, 14 and 2% of global energy, protein and fat supply, respectively. There are thousands of different rice varieties; some have been in the diet for centuries, while others are new hybrids promoted for qualities such as high yield and drought and disease resistance. Little is known about the nutrient composition of many of the world's rice varieties. This paper investigates the literature on nutrient composition of rice varieties. Standardization of data to 100 g samples of unpolished rice (dry matter basis), showed intra-varietal ranges of; 9 g protein, 5.65 mg iron, 3.34 mg zinc, 1.6 mg thiamin, 0.392 mg riboflavin and 7.2 mg niacin. Currently, several research institutions are working toward improving the nutrient content of rice through greater utilization of rice genetic resources. The results section discusses in detail the magnitude of intra-varietal differences and highlights practical applications of genetic diversity in rice.     

化学法防止甘蔗糖厂蒸发罐结垢

通过分析亚硫酸法甘蔗糖厂蒸发罐积垢的成分,筛选对积垢主要成分有优异阻垢性能的防垢药剂组合成甘蔗糖厂专用防垢剂。经生产应用试验表明,本防垢剂防垢效果显著,对结垢最严重的第Ⅳ、Ⅴ效蒸发罐的阻垢率达60~70%,并对生产带来积极的影响。     

甘蔗汁提取物抗氧化活性初步研究

研究了从甘蔗汁中提取出活性物质固体样品,然后用DPPH(二苯代苦味肼基自由基)法测定其抗氧化活性。同时探讨了pH、浓度和增效剂对其自由基清除率的影响。结果表明,该固体样品具有较好的抗氧化活性;pH值对其抗氧化活性影响很大;浓度在1~4m g/m l范围内,其抗氧化活性变化很小;所选用的增效剂增效如抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸作用不明显。     

蔗糖及废蜜发酵生产L-乳酸

介绍了L-乳酸的性质及用途，结合糖厂实际，提出用蔗糖及废蜜发酵生产L-乳酸，并简述了发酵法生产L-乳酸的技术发展概况。     

花香型工夫红茶的开发研究

为开发花香型工夫红茶,对品种选择和加工工艺进行初步研究。试验从9个湖南地方资源及部分外省品种中筛选出4个适制花香型工夫红茶的茶树品种和单株。在加工过程中,萎凋时用红外灯光照射,制得的工夫红茶带有花香,但花香持久性欠佳;原料选用具有一定成熟度的1芽2叶,有利于产品品质和香气的形成。