Evolutionary Computation in Structural Design

The paper provides the results of preliminary research on the application of evolutionary computation to integrated structural design in which a complex design support tool automatically conducts both conceptual and detailed design. In the paper, a brief overview of the state of the art in evolutionary computation and its applications to structural design is provided. Next, Inventor 2000 is described, a unique research and structural design tool developed by the authors at George Mason University that combines an evolutionary computation component with a system for wind forces analysis, and a system for the analysis, design and optimisation of steel structures. The paper also presents the results of four structural design experiments conducted with Inventor 2000. The objective of experiments was to investigate various forms of evolutionary computation as applied to structure design. Finally, the paper provides the initial research conclusions and recommendations for further research.     

Re-engineering of the design process for concurrent engineering

According to the requirements of concurrent engineering, three interdependency relationships (uncoupled relationship, coupled relationship and decoupled relationship) between design activities are presented in this paper. And the coupled relationship plays an important role in concurrent product design process. To represent the precedence relationships among design activities, a directed graph is used to describe the design process. And the interdependency relationship between activities is illustrated by a Design Structure Matrix which is the transpose of the accessibility matrix of the corresponding graph. Using the DSM, an algorithm of recognizing the coupled activities during the design process is presented. Moreover, an algorithm to figure out the order levels of activities during the design process is proposed. And both algorithms are illustrated with a die design example.     

An Industrial Case Study on Distributed Prioritisation in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering for Packaged Software

When developing packaged software, which is sold ‘off-the-shelf’ on a worldwide marketplace, it is essential to collect needs and opportunities from different market segments and use this information in the prioritisation of requirements for the next software release. This paper presents an industrial case study where a distributed prioritisation process is proposed, observed and evaluated. The stakeholders in the requirements prioritisation process include marketing offices distributed around the world. A major objective of the distributed prioritisation is to gather and highlight the differences and similarities in the requirement priorities of the different market segments. The evaluation through questionnaires shows that the stakeholders found the process useful. The paper also presents novel approaches to visualise the priority distribution among stakeholders, together with measures on disagreement and satisfaction. Product management found the proposed charts valuable as decision support when selecting requirements for the next release, as they revealed unforeseen differences among stakeholder priorities. Conclusions on stakeholder tactics are provided and issues of further research are identified, including ways of addressing identified challenges.     

基于Web的协同设计环境下产品数据管理系统模型研究

首先分析了基于Ｗeb的产品数据管理系统功能需求,结合网络应用特点及面向对象技术,提出一个以模块为核心来组织、管理,发布信息的分布式产品数据管理系统模型－－ＤＰＤＭ（Ｄistributed Product Data Management）,并分析了其体系结构,其目的是为设计者提供一个支持协同设计的开放式开发环境,以提高产品质量,缩短开发时间。     

Multi-objective decision-making methodology to create an optimal design chain partner combination

In today’s highly competitive business environment, many companies adopt the time-to-market strategy to obtain a competitive advantage. To reduce the time and cost of product development and to employ global product development resources, design chain partner evaluation and selection has become a crucial issue. Thus, establishing an optimal design chain partner combination has received significant attention because it has a far-reaching effect on the results of product development. With this perspective, this paper develops an integrated decision-making methodology to assist enterprises as they create an optimal design chain partner combination. First, this study establishes the framework and evaluation models of the criteria for the different roles of design chain partners, including system integration, functional module development and software and component development. Then, this paper applies a weight-restricted DEA (data envelopment analysis) approach to create the models for performance analysis of design chain partners to acquire the performance value of each candidate and select the efficient design chain partners. Moreover, this paper employs the multi-objective performance evaluation model proposed in this paper to analyze the synthesized performance of design chain combinations. Moreover, this research uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) to search efficiently for the optimal design chain partner combination to minimize product development cost and time and maximize product reliability. Finally, this study employs a derivative new product development project for a digital TV box as a case study to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.     

需求概念图导引下的网页检索结果过滤

基于关键词的布尔模型将用户需求视为词汇集合,只考虑词汇共现,忽略了词汇间的概念关联,用于信息检索精确度较低。基于概念图的内涵模型重建词汇间的概念关联,更好地反映用户需求,有望提高检索精确度。提出一种在需求概念图导引下对网页检索结果进行过滤的方法:给定需求概念图,在摘要中寻找需求概念图包含的概念及其关联,构建简化的摘要概念图,如果简化的摘要概念图能够覆盖需求概念图,则保留该摘要,否则将该摘要滤除。     

浅析在计算机教学中学生创新能力的培养

人们常说:21世纪最缺的是什么?人才!而准确地说,缺的是创新型人才.新的时代需要创新型人才,而培养创新型人才的关键在于教育创新.创新教育是指以创新人格的培养为核心,以创新思维的激发为实施手段,以培养学生的创新意识,创新精神和基本创新能力,促进学生和谐发展为主要特征的素质教育.在计算机教学中其创新型人才的培养必须和时代需求相结合,且计算机教师要根据学科特点和学科优势,转变旧的教育观念,营造有利于创新的教育环境,培养学生的创新能力和创新精神,让学生在探索式的学习过程中成长为新式的独立的“学习者”和“创造者”.     

仪器仪表行业产品开发过程中思维创新方法与应用

开源式创新思维是操作性极强的思维方法,可有效地帮助人们从传统思维中解放出来,高效广泛地获取、管理和使用研究对象内外部资源,并关注资源的积累、分析和应用,以较小的代价找到相对最优的解决方法,从而有效避免技术创新的盲目和无绪.另外,通过一系列典型案例,详细阐述开源式创新思维应用步骤与取得的成效,特别是提出结合国情,以机电一体化形式实施产品化推广应用理念.     

关于计算机类专科学生毕业设计阶段产学研模式的思考

计算机类专科学生毕业设计的传统教学模式，往往实践性不强，学生动手能力得不到较大提高。而产学研教学模式结合实际课题展开，既提高学生兴趣，又较大地提高了毕业设计的质量。同时这种产学研教学模式具有较强的开放性，应在学校的教学工作中配套完整的综合管理措施，才会真正达到好的效果。     

完形心理理论对产品形态的作用与意义

完形心理学是探讨人类对于图像的认知反应的科学,以强调知觉活动过程中的整体性、独特性为特征.从工业设计角度出发,通过其知觉组织原则与产品形态特征的分析和理解,可以进一步了解和把握产品形态的视觉规律,对于产品形态的设计与创造有着重要的作用和意义.