Development of in situ system to monitor the machining process using a piezo load cell

The measurement of cutting force is one of the most frequently used techniques for monitoring machining processes. Its widespread application ranges from tool condition identification, feedback control and cutting system design to process optimization.This paper suggests another system for measuring cutting force in milling processes. Generally, tool dynamometers are taken into account for the most appropriate cutting force measuring tool in the analysis of a cutting mechanism. However, high prices and limited working space make in situ systems difficult for a controllable milling process. Although an alternative suggestion is to use an AC current from a servomotor, it is unsuitable for cutting force monitoring because of a small upper frequency limit and noise.The suggested cutting force measuring system is composed of two piezo load cells placed between the moving table bracket and the nut flange of the ball screw. It has many advantages, such as lower cost and a wider measurement range than the tool dynamometer, over using the built-in feeding system and the low-cost piezo load cell for applying a conventional machining center.This paper focuses on the performance test of a newly developed measuring system. By comparing the cutting force between the tool dynamometer and the system developed from a series of end milling experiments, the accuracy of the cutting force measurement system was verified. Linearity, transverse sensitivity and the upper frequency limit of the system were verified by experiment.     

Cutting Force Model for a Small-diameter Helical Milling Cutter

In the milling process, the major flank wear land area (two-dimensional measurement for the wear) of a small-diameter milling cutter, as wear standard, can reflect actual changes of the wear land of the cutter. By analyzing the wearing characteristics of the cutter, a cutting force model based on the major flank wear land area is established. Characteristic parameters such as pressure parameter and friction parameter are calculated by substituting tested data into their corresponding equations. The cutting force model for the helical milling cutter is validated by experiments. The computational and experimental results show that the cutting force model is almost consistent with the actual cutting conditions. Thus, the cutting force model established in the research can provide a theoretical foundation for monitoring the condition of a milling process that uses a small-diameter helical milling cutter.     

CIMS实验工程中的回转体零件加工工作站

介绍清华大学ＣＩＭＳ实验工程的回转体零件加工作站的设计，包括硬件配置、通讯问题、运行控制方式等；介绍加工工作站运行管理模块中的加工过程管理和刀具管理；回转体零件加工工作站实现ＣＩＭＳ环境下单元控制器、刀具工作站、ＣＡＭ／ＣＡＰＰ、机器人离线编程（ＯＬＰ）、车削中心、工业机器人的信息集成和回零件加工过程的自动进行；具有集成、自治、单项等３种级别的运行控制方式，使得工作站的调试、运行方便可靠；对加工过     

SiCp/Cu复合材料切削加工性及其加工表面微观结构研究

通过应变测力仪，测量每一组切削用量参数下Cu及SiCp／Cu复合材料的切削力，并用电子显微镜观察分析切削表面的微观结构。研究表明：由于SiC颗粒对位错运动的阻碍，在SiCp／Cu界面处形成位错塞集群，产生应力集中，使SiCp／Cu复合材料切削过程呈典型的脆性分离；切削力随背吃刀量和进给量的增大而增大，随切削速度的增大而减小。     

The Effect of Coolant Concentration on the Machinability of Nickel-Base, Nimonic C-263, Alloy

This paper investigates the effect of coolant concentration on tool performance when machining nickel-base, C-263, alloy with triple coated (TiN/TiCN/TiN) carbide insert at various (3–9%) coolant concentrations and under different cutting speed conditions. Tool life, tool-failure modes, wear rates, component forces and surface finish generated during machining were recorded, analyzed and used to formulate mechanisms responsible for tool wear at the cutting conditions investigated. Analysis of the recorded data shows that tool performance during machining is dependent on coolant concentration. 6% coolant concentration gave the best overall performance as effective combination of cooling and lubrication functions were achieved during machining. Increasing coolant concentration to 9% reduced tool performance due to a reduction of the tool-chip contact length area and the consequent increase in compressive stresses at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces. This action often leads to pronounced chipping of the tool cutting edge during machining. Friction coefficient between the workpiece material and substrate increases once the coating layer(s) is broken as a result of the direct contact between the tool substrate and the work material. This action increases mechanical wear of the tool, which in turn leads to a significant increase in the cutting force with negligible effect on the feed forces during machining.     

铝复合材料超精密加工表面微观分析

用聚晶金刚石PCD刀具对SiC晶须增强铝复合材料SiCw／2024进行了精密超精密切削试验，并用原子力显微镜和电子探针扫描显微镜进行了检测分析，结果证明，SiCw／2024铝复合材料加工表面粗糙度值达到超精密级的最大障碍在于SiC晶须拔出或压入型的破坏方式，而直接剪断的破坏方式则几乎无影响；SiCw／2024超精密加工表面会产生很薄的加工变质层。     

"多点应力法"测量多级离心泵轴向力和径向力

提出了用“多点压力法”测量多级离心泵轴向力和径向力，在泵轴向空间无法安装外接测量装置时解决了测量问题。利用测量的数据，可靠地修正了原有平衡鼓的外径，结果表明该方法简便，精确，能降低测量成本，缩短测量时间。     

球罐球壳板的划线与切割

球壳板划线与切割的精度直接影响着球罐现场组装质量,本文论述了采用三维坐标系下解析几何的方法计算球壳板上切割点与检查点的划线尺寸,并利用划线尺寸进行划线,通过分析原切割模具存在的缺点,重新设计计算了切割模具,提高了球壳板划线与切割的精度     

蒙特卡洛法在确定应力分布时的应用

根据蒙特卡洛法和有关应力的理论，在Visual c 6．0的环境下开发了蒙特卡洛法确定应力分布的通用程序。     

一种新的切削刚度系数识别方法

在研究机床切削系统稳定性极限预测的过程中，切削刚度系数ke的准确识别是其中最为关键的一项工作。文中在对刀架施加振动激励，变稳态切削为动态切削的基础上．以动态切削力为研究对象，推导切削刚度系数ke的数学模型，并在切削试验中通过对动态切削力信号及其与振动位移信号相位差的测量，准确有效地识别切削刚度系数ke。试验结果表明，文中的切削刚度的识别方法可以为机床切削系统稳定性预测理论分析和试验研究提供更为准确的动力学参数。