碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探开发中的地球物理和地球化学技术

第65届EAGE年会中，有关碳酸盐岩勘探开发中的地球物理、地球化学技术及其应用实例方面的论文，主要涉及了能改善陡倾角碳酸盐岩地层成像质量的各向异性深度偏移技术和叠前深度偏移技术，突出碳酸盐岩非均质储层特征的三维地震资料精细处理与解释技术，利于碳酸盐岩岩性和油气成因分析的岩石物理与地球化学分析技术等。实例的结果说明，针对碳酸盐岩非均质特性，巧妙地利用现有技术，就有可能精确地描述碳酸盐岩储层。     

强夯处理湿陷性黄土的应用

结合工程实例 ,从地基特点、强夯施工工艺及技术参数、检测结果三个方面介绍高能级 ( 80 0 0kN·m、60 0 0kN·m)强夯法在处理湿陷性黄土和回填土的应用 ,并对施工中的问题进行分析和处理。     

广告摄影的技术素质控制

本文论述了广告摄影摄制过程中曝光、测光、布光以及景深等方面的控制要领。     

Dynamics of phase-formation processes during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the thermal explosion regime

Specific features of formation of temperature and concentration fields during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the thermal explosion regime in a cylindrical reactor are studied by methods of mathematical modeling. The calculations are performed with allowance for melting of one (chemically active) component in the approximation with the high-melting component being non-soluble in the melt of the low-melting component. It is shown that the conditions of complete conversion of the original components in the volume of the reacting mixture depend on relations between the Biot criterion of the system, the ambient temperature, and the thermal effect of the reaction. After the thermal explosion, which occurs when the melting front reaches the geometric center of the reactor, a front of complete conversion is formed. This front moves from the cylinder centerline to the periphery with a gradually decreasing velocity. The diagram of the critical values of the Biot criterion at which the components burn down completely in the entire reaction volume is calculated. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 31–38, July–August, 2008.     

3D characterization of super-smooth surfaces of diamond turned OFHC copper mirrors

In this study, super-smooth surfaces of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper mirrors obtained by single point diamond turning were characterized with an atomic force microscope from the three-dimensional (3D) point of view. The machining conditions were also studied. A program developed in this study for a unified approach to 3D surface finish assessment proposed by the Commission of European Community was used to obtain the 3D parameters. In two experiments, the feed rate was changed from 0.2 to 2.0 μm per revolution and 0.3 to 3.0 μm per revolution, respectively. By 3D roughness characterization of these surfaces, the optimal feed rate was found to be 1.4 μm per revolution when the cutting depth was 1 μm or 0.9-1.2 μm per revolution at a cutting depth of 2 μm, where an S_q of 2.6 and 2.3 nm could be obtained, respectively. The suggested 3D roughness characterization parameters may include S_q, S_sk, S_ku, S_tr, S_al, S_Δq, and one functional parameter, such as S_bi.     

混合法VSP共炮记录叠前深度偏移

VSP处理方法反演地下结构直接、精确，是寻找复杂构造的、隐蔽的油气藏的最重要的方法系列之一。文章提出的混合波场延拓法VSP共炮记录单程波动方程叠前深度偏移，就是一种VSP对复杂构造精确成像的方法。首先把波动方程分解为上行和下行单程波，把波动方程解析解法(傅氏变换法)和数值解法(有限差分法)相结合，提出VSP偏移的混合波场延拓法，以使波场延拓适应速度的纵横向变化；再结合VSP的特点，在波场外推过程中，当在某深度处继续下延波场时，把从上部延拓至此的波场加上此处埋置的检波器的记录结果作为此处的波场；借鉴地面地震叠前深度偏移原理，提出了可适应速度纵横向变化的、可对复杂构造精确成像的单程波动方程混合波场延拓VSP共炮记录叠前深度偏移方法。纵、横向变速介质的数值模拟结果显示，该方法精确、有效。     

Approach into the use of probabilistic neural networks for automated classification of tool malfunctions in broaching

The condition of broaching tools has crucial importance for the surface quality of the machined components. If undetected, tool malfunctions such as wear, chipping and breakage of cutting teeth can result in severe damage or even scrapping expensive components, with direct implications on increasing the overall manufacturing costs. In contrast with other machining operations, broaching is characterised by non-symmetric distributions of cutting forces vs. time, making more difficult the task of recognising tool malfunctions. The paper reports on a methodology to automatically detect and classify tool malfunctions in broaching. The method was demonstrated through the use of time domain distribution of the push-off cutting force as a key sensory signal to monitor broaching tool condition when machining a nickel-based aerospace alloy. The characteristic features of the sensory signals have been extracted using in-house-developed programs and, afterwards, used to train and test a probabilistic neural network that enables automated classification of tools with fresh, worn, chipped and broken teeth. Inputting new pattern characteristics to the main categories of tool malfunctions, the system successfully classified them even when variations of signal amplitude and ranking of malfunctioned teeth occurred.     

防辐射复合材料的性能研究

本文介绍的是利用交联反应工艺制成的一种防辐射复合新材料的性能。通过实测数据的列举和运用比较的方法,从比重、对x、r射线的防护作用、耐辐射能力、物理特性等方面证实了这种新材料的良好使用效果。在辐射技术和环境保护等领域有广泛的应用前途和开发价值。     

Methods for determining the depth of near-surface defects

In previous work by the authors,^(1,6) it was demonstrated that the presence of near-surface defects could be detected reliably, even though the defect echo was contained within the near-surface echo. The algorithm consists of examining the variation in the composite (near-surface plus defect) response after it has been deconvolved from a near-surface response known to be defect-free. This paper presents two algorithms that have been developed subsequent to the work presented in ref. (6) for estimating thedepth of a near-surface defect, given that its presence has already been detected. One algorithm uses complex frequency domain techniques, and the other uses time domain analysis. Both procedures operate on the surface-plus-defect signal, using reference signals containing surface-only and defect-only responses. The defect signal is extracted from the composite signal. Defect depth is then computed from the time difference between the centers of the front-surface and extracted defect responses. A mean absolute depth error of 0.015 in. was obtained by applying the algorithms to experimental data containing depths from 0.020 to 0.130 in. below the near-surface.     

Experiments in active vision with real and virtual robot heads

In the emerging paradigm of animate vision, the visual processes are not thought of as being independent of cognitive or motor processing, but as an integrated system within the context of visual behavior. Intimate coupling of sensory and motor systems have found to improve significantly the performance of behavior based vision systems. In order to study active vision systems one requires sensory-motor systems. Designing, building, and operating such a test bed is a challenging task. In this paper we describe the status of on-going work in developing a sensory-motor robotic system, R2H, with ten degrees of freedoms (DOF) for research in active vision. To complement the R2H system a Graphical Simulation and Animation (GSA) environment is also developed. The objective of building the GSA system is to create a comprehensive design tool to design and study the behavior of active systems and their interactions with the environment. GSA system aids the researchers to develop high performance and reliable software and hardware in a most effective manner. The GSA environment integrates sensing and motor actions and features complete kinematic simulation of the R2H system, it's sensors and it's workspace. With the aid of the GSA environment a Depth from Focus (DFF), Depth from Vergence, and Depth from Stereo modules are implemented and tested. The power and usefulness of the GSA system as a research tool is demonstrated by acquiring and analyzing images in the real and virtual worlds using the same software implemented and tested in the virtual world.This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the DOE's University Program in Robotics for Advanced Reactors (Universities of Florida, Michigan, Tennessee, Texas, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory) under Contract No. DOE DE-FG02-86NE37968.