Optimal intervention strategies for multiple objects affected by manifest and latent deterioration processes

In the existing infrastructure management systems, optimal interventions strategies (OISs) are determined for objects that deteriorate gradually (manifest deterioration process, MDPs), under the assumption that with appropriate inspection and intervention strategies the probability of failure of object can be neglected. Objects that deteriorate suddenly (latent deterioration process, LDPs), for example, due to scouring during a flood or earth movements during an earthquake are not considered. The determination of OISs for an object that deteriorates due to both MDPs and LDPs requires the consideration of both. The latter, however, means that the probability of failure of the object must be considered. In this article, a Markov model is presented that can be used to determine OISs for multiple objects of multiple types affected by uncorrelated MDPs and LDPs. The model is an extension of the model proposed by Mayet and Madanat (Incorporation of seismic considerations in bridge management systems. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 17:185–193, 2002). In the model, a set of condition states (CSs) is used to describe the condition of objects of each type, where each set is composed of non-failure CSs and failure CSs. The probabilities of going from each non-failure CS to each failure CS are estimated using normalised fragility curves, and the probabilities of going from each non-failure CS to each non-failure CS are initially estimated using the Markov deterioration prediction model of Kobayashi, Kaito, and Lethanh (A Bayesian estimation method to improve deterioration prediction for infrastructure system with Markov chain model. International Journal of Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 1:1–13, 2012a) and later adjusted taking into consideration the probabilities of entering the failure CSs. The use of the model is demonstrated using a road link comprising one road section and one bridge.     

悬浇梁施工工艺

悬浇梁施工是桥梁施工项目当中的重难点,其施工工艺的特点就是在没有支架的施工场地、大型移动的吊装机械又不适用的情况之下,对较大跨径连续梁桥进行浇筑。在这种施工工艺当中,需要采用悬浇梁施工的工艺方法。     

Sustainable construction: life cycle energy analysis of construction on sloping sites for residential buildings

In 2010, the Australian residential construction sector contributed about 28% of the value of all construction and was responsible for 8% of the total energy consumption. Residential construction will continue to increase to cope with the demand due to population growth. Owing to land scarcity, construction on sloping sites has become a common construction method for residential development in Australia. This method has economic benefits but poses environmental issues as it damages topsoil, disturbs natural drainage and groundwater pathways and imposes additional stress on soil under fill. The life cycle energy consumption of the construction process is examined in relation to residential projects on sloping sites on a range of slopes and soil types in New South Wales, Australia. Forty-one detached dwellings were selected and a service life of 60 years assumed for the study. The research findings reveal that the slope for each type of soil has a positive correlation with life cycle energy consumption. As part of the onsite construction process, the results also show that the energy consumption of construction on sloping sites plays a significant factor in the life cycle energy analysis of a building.     

上海中心大厦塔冠外露钢结构防腐涂装体系的研究与实践

上海中心大厦塔冠是国内房屋建筑史上第一次达到600 m以上高度的塔顶建筑,由于其结构复杂、关联设备众多、环境条件严酷、施工难度大,常规的钢结构防腐经验难以适用。通过对塔冠自然条件和施工条件的深入分析,陈述了原方案的否定、调整和再否定,并在大量工程调研的基础上,提出了新的长效防腐体系。通过试验检验,结合严格的工艺质量控制,使这一新的组合配套防腐体系在大厦塔冠钢结构防腐实践中得到落实应用。     

老树开出时代新花——对旧建筑立面改造的探讨和思考

随着我国城镇化过程进行到中期,城市主城区的建设已基本完成,虽然有了数量但质量还不高,一些建于20世纪80、90年代的建筑面临着改造,对这部分项目的改造将会是今后城市建设的一个主要内容。论文对改造中涉及立面的部分进行了分析,找出改造的原因和方式,并沿着这一思路对现在的建筑立面设计进行思考和探索。     

结构工程施工虚实结合技术研究的依据和意义

从科学技术和工程应用方面论述结构工程施工虚实结合技术的意义,通过对国内外结构工程施工技术研究现状的回顾,讨论虚实施工控制研究的依据。结合虚实施工研究内容,展望可能取得的技术进步和需解决的关键问题。     

建筑与文明同步发展的探讨

通过探索文明发展过程的规律,结合文明发展经历的起源、成长、衰落、解体四个过程,进一步研究了建筑发展过程的规律性,指出各种建筑的形式也是在不断摸索中,从雏形逐渐变得完善,成熟的。     

重庆北部新区EBD园区发展过程研析

从EBD园区实际开发建设角度出发,着重回答EBD园区发展的指导思想,发展的特点和原因,发展过程中阶段性问题,以及发生机制,找出转型的客观需求,最后对可持续发展过程中经验、教训、规律和方法进行总结。     

COUPLING MODEL OF TWO PHASE FLOW IN A FRACTURE-ROCK MATRIX SYSTEM AND ITS STOCHASTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS

This study is concerned with developing a two-dimensional two-phase model thatsimulate the movement of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in a fracture-rock matrix system. Theintrinsic permeability and the fracture aperture are represented in the model via its Karhunen-Loeve expansion. Other parameters and the nodal unknowns, water saturations and waterpressures, are represented by their stochastic spectral expanions. The errors resulting fromtruncation of Karhunen - Loeve and polynomial chaos expansions to a finite number of terms areanalyzed. The eigenvalues of stochastic process is found out for any point in the special domain ofthe problem at any instant in time.