Comparing the Performance of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membranes in Non-Polar Solvents

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is gradually expanding from academic research to industrial implementation. The need for membranes with low and sharp molecular weight cutoffs that are able to operate under aggressive OSN conditions is increasing. However, the lack of comparable and uniform performance data frustrates the screening and membrane selection for processes. Here, a collaboration is presented between several academic and industrial partners analyzing the separation performance of 10 different membranes using three model process mixtures. Membrane materials range from classic polymeric and thin film composites (TFCs) to hybrid ceramic types. The model solutions were chosen to mimic cases relevant to today's industrial use: relatively low molar mass solutes (330–550 Da) in n-heptane, toluene, and anisole.     

Progress and challenges in sustainability,compatibility, and production of eco-composites: A state-of-art review

Owing to economic and environmental benefits, new generations of materials/commodities follow “from waste to wealth” strategy. Recently, there has been a huge upsurge in research on the development of eco-composites using recycled plastic polymers and agro-residues because the eco-composites satisfy the stringent environment regulations and are cost-effective. Herein, we present a detailed review on the potential use of several types of natural fillers as an efficient reinforcement for recycled plastic polymers. In particular, the characterization of different categories of eco-composites according to their morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties is extensively reviewed and their results are analyzed, compared, and highlighted. Furthermore, a framework to produce functional eco-composites, which includes functionalization of ingredients, critical issues on microstructural parameters, processing, and fabrication methods, is outlined and supported with sufficient data from the literature. Finally, the review outlines the emerging challenges and future prospects of eco-composites to be addressed by interested researchers to bridge the gap between research and commercialization of such a class of material. Overall, the acquired knowledge will guide researchers, scientists, and manufacturers to plan, select, and develop various forms of eco-composites with enhanced properties and optimized production processes.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF VELOCITY SINGULARITY AND SUPPRESSION OF NOISE

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Complex magnetic and microstructural investigation of duplex stainless steel

Heat treatment induced microstructural processes were studied by different non-destructive magnetic methods in the present work. A commercial SAF 2507 type superduplex stainless steel was investigated. This alloy contains about 40% ferrite and 60% austenite phases in its initial condition. The ferrite phase is not stable, therefore it can decompose to sigma phase and secondary austenite due to heat treatment. All the mechanical, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties are strongly influenced by the microstructural changes. This study had two aims: to understand better the kinetics of the ferrite decomposition process and to study the application possibilities of the applied magnetic measurements. The results, which were supported by electronmicroscopic method (electron back scattered diffraction, EBSD), help us to understand better the microstructural changes in duplex stainless steels caused by heat treatment.     

纳米CeO2单晶的制备与热处理对粒径的影响

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源、NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,用化学沉淀法通过对陈化时间的控制,制备了单分散的单晶纳米CeO2粒子,并用XRD、TEM、ED、BET、TG-DTA等测试手段对产物的物相结构、形貌和纳米尺度进行了表征.XRD分析表明,制得的纳米CeO2粒子为萤石结构且晶型比较完整. 通过控制热处理的温度和陈化时间可以控制粒子的大小.TEM和ED分析表明产物颗粒基本为球形,分散性较好且为单晶. 通过TG-DTA结果可以断定所制备的前驱体结构式为CeO2·1/2H2O.     

精成形辊锻机

在传统的辊锻工艺中,坯料轴向处于自由状态,在辊锻过程中因必然产生坯料的前滑后移,而且无法控制温度和摩擦的影响等,致使辊锻不能精成形,这是连续局部塑性成形研究领域所关注的重要难题。作者根据自己的发明专利,研制出一种新型精成形辊锻机,该机综合了辊锻与闭式模锻的优点,为辊锻精成形创造了可行的设备。实践证明,该精成形辊锻机,整机结构紧凑,运行可靠,便于实现自动化,造价低。     

小尺寸钛酸钡粉体的制备与表征

以不同比例无水及八水合氢氧化钡混合物为钡源，并以钛酸四异丙酯为钛源，采用改进的氢氧化物．醇盐法常压下回流10h可得到的颗粒尺寸分布窄，平均粒径约13nm的钛酸钡粉体。借助XRD及TEM对粉体物性进行了表征。实验结果表明，该法制得的钛酸钡粉体为亚稳态立方晶相晶体，晶粒尺寸随钡源中无水氢氧化钡含量的增加或反应温度的降低而减小；降低钡源中无水氢氧化钡的含量及提高反应温度均有利于加快钛酸钡粉体的生成速率。     

Fabrication and structure characterization of ITO transparent conducting film by sol-gel technique

Using In（NO3）3·5H2O and acetylacetone as raw materials and anhydrous SnCl4 as dopant, the transparent conducting indium tin oxide（ITO） films were prepared by sol-gel and dip-coating technique. The phase transformation, structure properties and physical properties （sheet resistance and transmittance） of the films were investigated by DTA-TG, XRD, SEM, four-probe method and UV-Vis spectrometry. The results indicate that it is feasible to fabricate 1TO films on the quartz substrates by sol-gel technique, and the ITO films are formed by accumulating of particles with the size of several decades of nanometers. The prepared ITO film has cubic bixbyite structure, and （111） is its preferred plane. After five-times dip-coating, the 1TO film has a thickness less than 150 nm, a sheet resistance of 110Ω/□, a resistivity of 1.65×10^-3Ω· cm and a transparency of 90% .     

Sparkle measurement revisited: A closer look at the details

Four years after introduction of the first instrument for measurement of sparkle, the foundations have been reconsidered, and the pool of practical experience has been analyzed to provide a more detailed and complete picture of the subject matter. The following aspects are introduced and discussed: observation conditions and resulting requirements for imaging (sampling) and filtering, analysis of spatial periods and frequencies as a basis for filtering, spatial filtering concepts, sparkle in the frequency domain, sparkle evaluation based on analysis of single images and difference images, origins of unwanted sparkle components, scaling and offset in sparkle evaluation, and verification of the method.     

基于形态特征提取的图像匹配搜索技术研究

传统的图像搜索方法一般是由图像处理软件自动抽取图像的颜色、形状、纹理等特征,并以此建立特征索引库,进而由用户输入要查找的物品图像,从而找出与之具有相近特征的图像。而文中给出了从数学形态学的角度来提取图像的关键形态特征,然后建立海量物品图片的形态细化骨架库,并以此简化图像搜索的关键内容,降低数据库存储量,提高匹配效率以及准确性的具体方法。