玩具有害化学物质检测进展

综述了近五年国内外关于玩具中有害化学物质的要求及检测方法的进展,并对提高部分新化学检测项目的准确性提出了积极的建议.     

对我国食品安全保障体系监管建设的建议

探讨了我国食品安全监督管理体系所面临的现状,找出当前监督管理工作中的主要矛盾。对当前食品安全监督管理中出现的主要问题的原因进行了探讨、阐述和分析,并与欧盟国家进行比较。指出我国食品质量安全标准体系、检测检验体系、质量认证体系和食品安全法律法规体系等问题是当前我国食品安全面临的主要矛盾,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

EU renewable energy support policy: Faith or facts?

The recent EU Commission proposal for promoting the supply of power from renewable energy sources was originally based on a pan-European, harmonised tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme. We suggest, on the basis of a multi-disciplinary analysis, that a pan-EU TGC system is not the way forward for Europe. It is vital that the Commission (and the majority of Member States) avoids implementation of such policy designs put forward by a coalition of vested interests. They should instead look at, and act upon, the available evidence from those countries that have experimented with TGCs (e.g. Flanders, UK and Sweden) and design policies that stand a better chance of meeting the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency and equity. In particular, the policies must enable EU to meet the immense innovation/industrialisation challenge by inducing the development of a capital goods industry that can, eventually, diffuse a broad range of technologies that use renewable energy sources. Only then we can acquire an ability to implement an industrial revolution in the energy system in a way that broadly meets the criteria of effectiveness and dynamic efficiency.     

美国和欧盟高等级中心城市发展规律及其启示

对美国和欧盟的高等级中心城市的发展规律和经验开展了系统研究,发现美国和欧盟的高等级中心城市呈现显著的多中心分布格局,功能分工高度扁平化,面向全球、国际和国家各层级的城市体系完备等规律和特征。基于美国和欧盟经验,研究认为应从国家公共治理角度,对国家中心城市的政策内涵进行重新认识,突出国家中心城市的政策内涵和战略意图,将国家中心城市作为贯彻落实国家发展战略的重要平台和战略支点。应立足长远战略视野,循序渐进培育一大批扁平化功能分工的高等级国家中心城市,代表中国参与国际竞争、支撑国家整体长远发展。同时应深入明确和落实国家中心城市的战略职责和发展建设要求,确保国家战略意图、战略目标、战略任务得到有效贯彻和落实。     

信息系统在世行贷款/欧盟赠款项目管理中的运用

介绍了在云贵鄂渝水土保持世行贷款/欧盟赠款项目中推广运用管理信息系统的缘由和过程,以及系统的基本架构和主要功能;分析并阐述了系统的使用效果;展望了今后的应用前景。     

欧盟与我国食品接触材料监管体系的对比和分析

食品接触材料的质量控制是食品安全的重要保障。本文对欧盟食品接触材料的标准法规和管理体系的特点进行了分析, 并与我国食品接触材料法规和标准体系建设的现状进行了对比。同时就如何借鉴欧盟法规和管理体系上的优点进一步加强我国食品接触材料管理体系的建设提出了建议。     

Uncertainty Matters: Computer Models at the Science–Policy Interface

The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However, despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities.     

Food irradiation‐chemistry and applications∗

Abstract

Food irradiation is one of the most extensively and thoroughly studied methods of food preservation. Despite voluminous data on safety and wholesomeness of irradiated foods, food irradiation is still a “process in waiting.” Although some countries are allowing the use of irradiation technology on certain foods, its full potential is not recognized. Only 37 countries worldwide permit the use of this technology. If used to its full potential, food irradiation can save millions of human lives being lost annually due to food‐borne diseases or starvation and can add billions of dollars to the world economy. This paper briefly reviews the history and chemistry of food irradiation along with its main applications, impediments to its adoption, and its role in improving food availability and health situation, particularly in developing countries of the world.     

我国东部地区污水处理设施技术指南调研

对我国东部地区沪、浙、苏、粤等地若干代表性城市(镇)污水处理设施技术指南的制定和执行情况进行了调研,发现东部地区污水处理设施技术指南的制定和执行情况不容乐观,污水处理工程缺乏系统性,导致管网建设、处理工艺选择及运行管理等都存在一定的问题。     

Welfare Improvisation from the Receiving Waters of Urban Wastewater Systems in the Context of the Water Framework Directive

The compliance of wastewater authorities with the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) although may highly contribute to a “good” ecological status in aquatic ecosystems, is alleged to require disproportionally high costs in relevance to the anticipated benefits. This is mainly due to the limited yet research in the assessment of the economic welfare derived by the compliance with the WFD. In this light, the direct and indirect economic benefits emerged by the attaining of WFD are investigated. The wastewater treatment plant of Athens (Greece) is demonstrated as a comprehensive pilot case.