Oenological potential of wines produced from disease-resistant grape cultivars

Within the EU, changes in policy and public sentiment have made it more urgent to consider the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Consequently, one of the EU’s goals is to reduce pesticide use by 50 per cent by 2030, including in viticulture. One of the proposed approaches is to expand the use of disease resistant hybrid grape-cultivars (DRHGC), such as ‘PIWI’ grapes (German, Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten), and to introduce new DRHGCs. However, the characteristics of DRHGCs are different from those of Vitis vinifera, which makes it necessary to take measures and make changes in winemaking technology to maintain high wine quality. This paper examines the chemistry of wines made from DRHGC and discusses their impact on aroma and flavor profiles. It also reviews the main winemaking practices suggested to produce high-quality wines from DRHGCs. The chemistry of DRHGCs is different to wine produced from V. vinifera, which can lead to both challenges during winemaking and unusual flavor profiles. Although newer DRHGCs have been bred to avoid unexpected flavors, many DRHGCs are still rich in proteins and polysaccharides. This can make tannin extraction difficult and produce wines with little astringency. In addition to this, new or alternative winemaking techniques such as thermovinification and the use of alternative yeast strains (non-Saccharomyces) can be used to produce wines from DRHGCs that are acceptable to consumers.     

分散固相萃取-超低温液液微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定烟熏及烧烤肉制品中16种欧盟优控多环芳烃

建立了分散固相萃取-超低温液液微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定烟熏及烧烤肉制品中16种欧盟优控多环芳烃的分析方法.样品用乙腈提取、上清液经分散固相萃取净化后在-80℃条件下采用甲苯液液微萃取浓缩,选用DB-EUPAH色谱柱(20 m×0.18 mm×0.14μm)分离,最后经质谱检测定量.结果表明,16种欧盟多环芳烃在5～5...     

Planung einer thermischen Abfallverwertungsanlage in Großbritannien,ERF Newhaven

Im Jahre 2000 trat die EU‐Richtlinie [1] für Abfalldeponien in Kraft, mit der eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Mengen an Hausmüll verbunden ist, die deponiert werden darf. Da in Großbritannien ein beträchtlicher Anteil des Hausmülls auf Deponien entsorgt wird, muss das Müllmanagement nun komplett umgestellt werden, um die Anforderungen dieser Richtlinie zu erfüllen. Zum einen ist die stetig ansteigende Abfallmenge auf ein Minimum zu begrenzen und der anfallende Hausmüll so weit wie möglich zu recyceln und zu kompostieren, zum anderen sind Alternativen zur Mülldeponierung zu suchen. Eine entscheidende Rolle wird dabei sicher die thermische Abfallbehandlung spielen, die in anderen EU‐Ländern schon einen weitaus größeren Stellenwert einnimmt. Neben der eigentlichen Entsorgung entsteht bei dem kontrollierten Verbrennungsvorgang unter hohen Temperaturen als Nebenprodukt Wärme. Diese kann zur Energieerzeugung genutzt werden und macht die Anlagen somit in zweierlei Hinsicht attraktiv. In der Region East Sussex County haben die Mülldeponien, in denen der überwiegende Teil des Hausmülls der Region entsorgt wird, ihre Lagerungskapazität erreicht. Um das Abfallproblem zu lösen und die Auflagen der EU zu erfüllen, vereinbarten die Grafschaft East Sussex County Council und die Städte von Brighton & Hove City Council mit dem weltweit führenden Umweltdienstleister Veolia Environment Services die Übernahme des Abfallmanagements und als Bestandteil des Vertrages den Bau und den Betrieb einer hochmodernen thermischen Abfallverwertungsanlage in Newhaven, East Sussex. Design of a energy recovery waste facility in Great Britain, ERF Newhaven. The Landfill Directive, more formally, Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste [1], is a European Union directive issued by the European Union to be implemented by its member states. The Directive's overall aim is “to prevent or reduce as far as possible the negative effects of landfills on the environment. In particular, the objectives are the minimization of the pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil and air, and on the global environment, including the greenhouse effect, as well as any resulting risk to human health, from the landfilling of waste, during the whole life‐cycle of the landfill”. This legislation also has important implications for waste disposal. Due to the wide availability of landfills, Great Britain, has in the past, disposed a substantial part of its municipal waste in landfills. The UK government has now imposed waste legislation designed to reduce the release of greenhouse gases produced by landfills. It is the UK government's position that thermal waste treatment will play an increasingly large role in the treatment of municipal waste and supply energy in the UK. This position is consistent with other EU members. The landfills have all reached their capacity in East Sussex County. In order to manage the waste disposal problem and simultaneously respect the new rigorous legislation, East Sussex County Council, the cities of Brighton & Hove city council and the worldwide environmental services provider Veolia Environment Services have contracted to provide a waste management service and as part of the new waste infrastructure build, commission and operate a state‐of‐the‐art energy recovery facility in Newhaven, East Sussex.