实时测控软件系统测试方法研究

针对基于UNIX平台的实时测控软件系统多进程多线程并发运行、信息流量大、接口关系复杂、实时性强、可靠性高的特点，在分析实时测控软件功能测试的基础上，提出了采用软件集成和嵌入监测模块的方法，实现了对实时测控软件系统CPU使用率、模块级运行效率、资源开销等性能测试，解决了实时测控软件性能测试的难题，为实时测控软件系统研制、质量评定和应用提供了科学的依据．     

数据中心交直流混合供电系统效率浅析

介绍了数据中心交直流混合供电系统方案产生的背景。针对目前认为交流直供承担所有负载效率最优化的观点,对交直流混合供电系统的效率进行了理论分析和试验验证,说明了交直流混合供电系统方案中系统效率的影响因素以及在现网机房中如何实现该方案的最佳效率点。作为简单的参考原则,在高压直流系统（HVDC）不休眠的情况下,在目前业界主流的产品配置下,推荐采用交流和高压直流系统（HVDC）均分负载的供电模式。     

阻容加载偶极天线的宽带性能及效率分析

从工程应用出发,提出同时具有分布电阻,集中电容以及同时具有集中电阻、电容这两种加载偶极天线理论分析模型,推导了对应的电流积分方程,并用分级正弦伽略金方法进行数值计算。给出了天线电流分布,输入阻抗,方向图及效率的计算结果,并与纯分布电阻加载天线进行了比较。分析表明,所讨论两种模式阻容加载天线的效率较分布电阻加载天线高,但其宽带性下降了。     

基于循证设计理念的医院急诊医学科服务效率研究——以北京朝阳医院为例

循证设计是西方医疗建筑中逐渐兴起的、以实证研究为基础的设计理论和方法,基于循证设计的指导思想将很有可能成为未来医院设计的主体。本文运用循证设计的基本原理和方法,对北京朝阳医院急诊科调研结果进行分析,总结其设计优点与不足,提出影响医院急诊科使用效率的几个方面的内容,期望为医院急诊科设计者提供一些参考。     

Efficiently using contextual influence to recommend new items to ephemeral groups

Group recommender systems suggest items to groups of users that want to utilize those items together. These systems can support several activities that can be performed together with other people and are typically social, like watching TV or going to the restaurant. In this paper we study ephemeral groups, i.e., groups constituted by users who are together for the first time, and for which therefore there is no history of past group activities.Recent works have studied ephemeral group recommendations proposing techniques that learn complex models of users and items. These techniques, however, are not appropriate to recommend items that are new in the system, while we propose a method able to deal with new items too. Specifically, our technique determines the preference of a group for a given item by combining the individual preferences of the group members on the basis of their contextual influence, the contextual influence representing the ability of an individual, in a given situation, to guide the group’s decision. Moreover, while many works on recommendations do not consider the problem of efficiently producing recommendation lists at runtime, in this paper we speed up the recommendation process by applying techniques conceived for the top-$K$ query processing problem. Finally, we present extensive experiments, evaluating: (i) the accuracy of the recommendations, using a real TV dataset containing a log of viewings performed by real groups, and (ii) the efficiency of the online recommendation task, exploiting also a bigger partially synthetic dataset.     

Some Statistical Aspects of the Economics of Analytical Testing

In establishing an economical testing program the costs of routine analytical tests must be weighed against losses due to shipping material which is either above or below stated specifications. A method for obtaining an optimum sampling and testing procedure is described and examples given.     

Metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses of older wheelchair-dependent and ambulatory patients during locomotion∗

To determine preferred velocities and magnitudes of metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses of older wheelchair-dependent (WD) patients and ambulatory (AMB) psychiatric patients during locomotion, eight WD (mean age 62 years) and ten AMB (mean age 58 years) patients travelled over a level tiled circular course. During wheelchair locomotion and walking, respectively, mean results were: velocity, 2·0, 3·1 km hour^?1; oxygen uptake, 0·532, 0·8061min^?1; net locomotive energy cost, 0·574, 0·558netkcal kg^?1 km^?1; pulmonary ventilation, 19·6, 25·71 min^?1; heart rate, 94·6, 92·7 beats min^?1. Although walking at 3·1 km hour^?1 required greater absolute energy expenditure than for wheelchair locomotion at 2·0 km hour^?1, locomotive efficiency was approximately the same. When considering differences in exercise capability between arms and legs, relative stresses experienced by the WD and AMB subjects appeared to be similar. Locomotive efficiency was reduced when the AMB subjects reduced their walking speed to 20km hour^?1. This study suggests that self-selected velocities for wheelchair locomotion and walking are related to both maximal physical capability for each activity and locomotive efficiency.     

Brick and mortar treatment by cream emulsion for improved water repellence and thermal insulation

A novel polymer cream was applied to brick and mortar in an attempt to reduce water absorption and to improve thermal insulation for household heating energy saving. Tests were carried out on surface energy, water contact angle, thermal conductivity and sorptivity of brick and mortar with and without cream treatment. A model house was built and a heating and monitoring system was developed to quantitatively evaluate the heating energy consumption in different conditions before and after cream treatment. It was found out that cream treatment can successfully impart good water repellence and enhanced the thermal insulation of the brick and mortar. The results from contact angle and surface energy measurements showed that the materials became highly hydrophobic. Experimental results from the model house showed approximately 9% heating energy consumption reduction in dry conditions and approximately 50% in wet conditions. In addition, the internal humidity typically was reduced to almost 1/3 of that of the control. It has been demonstrated that the novel cream treatment on masonry buildings can help reduce damp problems and save household heating energy consumption which can make a significant contribution to addressing social, environmental, ecological and economic problems resulting from climate change and global warming.     

An experimental study on the performance of enthalpy recovery system for building applications

In recent years, the attention of researchers has been focused on energy conservation demands due to the environmental impact of energy consumption throughout the built environment and global warming issue. Heat or energy recovery is one of the main energy-efficient systems that has been approved to overcome this problem. However, in conventional heat or energy recovery for building applications, only sensible energy has been recovered and neglecting the latent energy. In this work, enthalpy recovery system has been developed and the performances of sensible and latent energy have been investigated experimentally. The efficiency of close to 66% has been achieved for sensible energy and the latent energy efficiency was nearly 59% gained. Comparison of efficiency with effectiveness-NTU method showed both were in good agreement. Recovered energy was achieved up to 167 W at 3.0 m/s air velocity with 4.3 °C temperature difference.     

Defining and meeting the carbon constraints of the 21st century

The magnitude and implications for the construction industry of reductions in carbon dioxide emissions that will ultimately be required globally and in industrialized countries are critically examined. As a result of the problem of climate change, these reductions are found to be in the region of 80–90% by 2050- much larger than those presently under discussion in national and global political fora. The technological feasibility of buildings with low energy requirements and low carbon emissions suggests that existing technology is capable of delivering reductions in this range. Unfortunately, the progress that is being made at the cutting edge is, with very few exceptions, not carried over into building stocks as a whole. Regulatory, fiscal and market-based policy and strategy mechanisms for improving the performance both of new build and the existing stock are critically examined. The achievement of meaningful reductions will require a coordinated and strategic approach, which makes use of the complementarity between these mechanisms. Regulation alone, in the absence of clear and consistent price signals provided through mechanisms such as carbon taxation, is unlikely to deliver the reductions in carbon emissions that will be needed to stabilize the global atmosphere and climate.

L'ampleur et les implications pour l'industrie de construction des réductions des émissions de dioxyde de carbone qui seront généralement exigées en fin de compte font l'objet d'un examen critque dans les pays industrialisés. Suite au problème des changements de climat, on a trouvé qu'en 2050 ces réductions d'émissions devraient se situer dans une zone de 80 à 90 % - c'est à dire, beaucoup plus grands que celle qu'on trouve dans les discussions et symposiums politiques nationaux et mondiaux. La faisabilité technologique de constructions nécessitant peu d'énergie et à faible émission de carbone suggére que la technologie actuelle est capable d'apporter des solutions à ces réductions. Malheureusement, à de rares exceptions prés, les progrés qui sont faits dans ces domaines de pointe ne sont pas appliqués dans leur totalité au secteur du bâtiment. La politique coordinatrice et fiscale, basée sur le marché ainsi que les mécanismes stratégiques visant à améliorer les performances concernant aussi bien les nouvelles constructions que celles existantes, sont examinés d'une façon critique. L'obtention de réductions significatives exigera une approche coordonnée et stratégique mettant en oeuvre ces deux mécanismes complémentaires. La seule réglementation, en l'absence d'arguments de prix clairs et cohérents comme par exemple la taxation sur l'oxyde de carbone, ne va vraisemblablement pas entrâner les réductions d'émissions de gaz carbonique qui seraient nécessaires afin de stabilizer l'atmosphère et le climat au niveau mondial.