水泥磨主轴承的润滑及其管理

球磨机是水泥生产工艺流程中很重要的一种粉碎设备,其正常运转率下的运行是保证水泥厂效益的一个重要因素。主轴承作为球磨机的一个重要部件,其润滑管理尤其重要。作者试图结合自己多年的工作心得,并从技术维护的角度分析Φ2.2m×6.5m水泥磨主轴承的润滑管理。     

Effects of electromagnetic field and lubricate condition on the surface quality of magnesium alloy billet during LFEC processing

The microstructures of the magnesium billets could be improved markedly by low-frequency electro-magnetic casting (LFEC) processing. In fact, the low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFEF) also has favorite effect on the surface quality of billet. However, few public reports on the surface quality of LFEC magnesium billets could be found. Therefore, a new crystallizer with a metal internal sleeve to-gether with a kind of lubricant was designed aiming at lowing surface turning quantity, and the effects of casting velocity, electromagnetic condition and lubrication on the surface quality of magnesium billets were investigated. The results indicate that LFEF together with the lubricate condition would be responsible for the surface quality of the billets, and the high surface quality billets could be achieved by optimizing the casting conditions.     

Phase representation and property determination of raw materials of solid lubricant

The composition, microstructure, mechanical and frictional properties of PTFE and its fillers were represented and analyzed by XRD, SEM, DSC, XPS and large-scale polarizing microscope. The results show that PTFE has a flocculent structure with high melt temperature and decomposition temperature, big contact angle and crystallinity, and low surface hardness, compression strength, friction coefficient, wearing capacity and surface energy. Cooling rate influenced the friction coefficient and wear resistance. Graphite and molybdenum disulfide have a flake structure, and molybdenum disulfide has a big contact angle and low surface energy. Copper powder has a globular structure and its chief component is Cu-Pb alloy, and there is a loose layer on the surface. Carbon fiber has a rod structure and there are C=O and C-O-C polar groups on the skeleton surface. The decreasing order of water absorption capacity is graphite, carbon fiber, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE and copper powder.     

高速重载工况Hamrock-Dowson膜厚公式的适用性研究

采用新型润滑油在高速重载工况下研究Hamrock-Dowson膜厚公式的适用性。研究结果表明,在高速重载工况下,Hamrock-Dowson膜厚公式会带来较大误差,数值解得到的膜厚可达Hamrock-Dowson膜厚公式的2～4倍。所以随着弹流理论的发展和计算技术的飞速进步,润滑设计应不再过多的依赖于各种经验公式,可通过计算软件数值仿真和试验研究来实现。     

基于滑动摩擦的摩擦副表面织构优化分析

利用数值计算方法对织构化滑动摩擦副表面的动压润滑模型进行了求解,从理论上分析了表面织构不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的润滑特性的影响,获得了特定工况下的最优织构参数和织构类型。结果表明：表面织构的不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的摩擦系数和承载力有着非常大的影响;各类截面圆形凹坑都存在一个最优织构半径使得摩擦副摩擦系数最低;凹坑底面适当倾斜能够提高织构区域的承载能力和降低摩擦系数;各类典型表面形状中,底边靠近入口的倒三角形获得了最优的润滑性能;将凹坑底面合理倾斜与优化表面形状相结合可使得承载力得到大大提升。     

PTA装置干燥机润滑油系统改造

天津石化公司PTA装置干燥机采用滴油润滑,由于润滑油黏度高回收困难大,只能按废油降级处理。经过对所使用的油品特性分析及润滑机理的研究,采用滴油润滑,浸油润滑和回收循环再利用相结合方案,大大降低干燥机操作费用。     

Wear Perfomance of Ceramics in Ring/Cylinder Applications

In support of efforts to apply ceramics to advanced heat engines, a study was performed of the wear mechanisms of ceramics at the ring/cylinder interface. A laboratory apparatus was constructed to reproduce most of the conditions of an actual engine. Ring and cylinder specimens having a simple geometry were used to facilitate their fabrication. Attempts to operate three zirconias, α-SiC, Si₃N₄, and several plasma-sprayed coatings without lubrication were unsuccessful because of high friction and wear rates. The ceramics responded well to liquid lubricants at a temperature of 260°C. Plasma-sprayed coatings of Cr₂O₃ and hypersonic flame-sprayed coatings of Co-bonded WC performed particularly well as ring coatings. Similar performance was obtained with these coatings operating against SiC, Si₃N₄, SiC-whisker-reinforced Al₂O₃, and Cr₂O₃ coatings. The study demonstrated the critical need for lubrication.     

干摩擦及水润滑下氧化锆-氧化铝层状复合陶瓷的摩擦学行为

研究了氧化锆氧化铝三层结构层状复合陶瓷在干摩擦和水润滑下的摩擦学性能和磨损机制，并比较了氧化锆-氧化铝单层陶瓷在相同条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明：相同条件下，层状陶瓷的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于单层陶瓷，根本原因在于层状陶瓷表面的压应力导致的韧性提高和磨损表面剪切应力的降低。水润滑可以有效地降低复合陶瓷的摩擦磨损，主要原因是由于水引起主导磨损机制发生变化，由干摩擦时的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损转变为摩擦化学磨损和疲劳磨损。     

定制边界滑移平行轴承的挤压效应

作者最近提出了一种利用滑块入口处的壁面滑移产生流体动压的新型轴承．笔者针对该类新轴承的油膜挤压问题,提出了基于滑移临界剪应力的数学模型,并给出了解析解．结果显示压力分布为分段光滑的抛物线,在滑移／非滑移边界,存在不连续的压力梯度．不同参数条件下的计算给出了不同的压力分布和壁面滑移类型．结果显示,对于代表滑块非浸润区长度的参数xt,最大压力并不总是随参数xt的减小而减小．存在一个参数xt的区间,在该区间内最大压力不变．与经典的挤压膜轴承类似,压力随膜厚的增加或趋进速度的减小而减小．笔者还发现临界剪应力的对挤压效应有重要的影响,揭示了此类新型轴承的一些内在的特性．     

液体动压实验装置的研制

研究了液体动压原理、直观演示液体动压现象,利用具有一定粘度的液体在两块作相对运动的板的楔形收敛间隙中可形成动压力的原理,设计并制作了简易而实用的液体动压实验装置,本仪器在相关流体压力、流体摩擦、流体润滑的课程教学、实验教学、科学研究中具有较大的实用价值。