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121.
Masahiko Ogura Norikazu Mizuochi Satoshi Yamasaki Hideyo Okushi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):2023
The deuterium (hydrogen) passivation effect on acceptors in boron-doped CVD homoepitaxial diamond was studied by electrical (Hall-effect) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements. Deuterium was incorporated into the samples using microwave (MW) deuterium plasma at 673 K for 2–24 h. We observed the progress of acceptor passivation with p-type conduction, which finally resulted in a highly resistive state. 相似文献
122.
KS Atia AI El‐Batal 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(7):805-811
Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) was immobilized on different polymeric materials using different immobilization techniques (entrapping by γ‐irradiation, and covalent binding using epichlorohydrin). Studies were carried out to increase the thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) for different applications. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers have been compared with those of free GOD. The effect of different polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAAm) compositions of the copolymer carrier on the enzymatic activity of the immobilized GOD was studied. The maximum enzymatic activity was obtained with the composition ratio of PVA/PAAm of 60:40. The behaviour of the free and immobilized enzyme was analysed as a function of pH. A broadening in the pH profile (5.5–8) was observed for immobilized preparations. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers produced by immobilization of GOD onto different carriers have been compared, in both aqueous and organic media, with those of the free GOD. The enzyme's tolerance toward both heat and organic solvent was enhanced by immobilization onto polymers. The addition of different concentrations of organic solvents (10–50%, v/v) to the enzyme at higher temperature (60 °C) was found to stabilize the enzyme molecule. The strongest stabilizing effect on the enzymatic activity was achieved at a concentration of 10%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
123.
Robert Kass 《User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction》1991,1(3):203-258
This paper reviews existing methods for building user models to support adaptive, interactive systems, identifies sigificant problems with these approaches, and describes a new method for implicitly acquiring user models from an ongoing user-system dialog. Existing explicit user model acquisition methods, such as user edited models or model building dialogs put additional burden on the user and introduce artificial model acquisition dialogs. Hand coding stereotypes, another explicit acquisition method, is a tedious and error-prone process. On the other hand, implicit acquisition techniques such as computing presuppositions or entailments either draw too few inferences to be generally useful, or too many to be trusted.In contrast, this paper describes GUMAC, a General User Model Acquisition Component that uses heuristic rules to make default inferences about users' beliefs from their interaction with an advisory expert system. These rules are based on features of human action and conversation that constrain people's behavior and establish expectations about their knowledge. The application of these rules is illustrated with two examples of extended dialogs between users and an investment advisory system. During the course of these conversations, GUMAC is able to acquire an extensive model of the users' beliefs about the aspects of the domain considered in the dialog. These models, in turn, provide the sort of information needed by an explanation generator to tailor explanations the advisory system gives to its users. 相似文献
124.
在评价公众成员摄入放射性核素的辐射危害时,需估算每单位摄入量所致的剂量。摄入放射性素后器官或民受到的剂量是受到的剂量是通过生物学模型和剂量学模型来确定的,因此剂量也必须根据模型来确定。文中初步探讨了国际放射防护委员会给出的剂量系数的可靠性问题。文中首先说明了估算剂量系数的概念和方法,然后分析了剂量系数估算中,采用胃肠道模型,呼吸道模型,系统生物动力学模型和剂量学模型所遇到的不确定度的各种主要来源。 相似文献
125.
烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料性能及显微结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料的阻温特性及显微结构的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能量分散仪(EDAX)分析了材料的显微结构及不同形貌晶粒的成份。通过对组成、烧成及热处理工艺的控制,可得到具有V型PTCR特性的热敏材料。 相似文献
126.
G. Bartolini A. Ferrara 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》1992,6(3):237-246
In this paper we pursue a twofold aim. First we want to simplify the complexity of the classical Monopoli's scheme, the so-called ‘Augmented error signal control scheme’. Then we also wish to cope with the realistic situation in which the presence of unmodelled dynamics has to be taken into account. This latter problem has been faced in the literature by suitably modifying the adaptation mechanism in order to avoid undesired phenomena as well as to obtain an attractive stability region for the state trajectories starting from any point in a predefined initial condition set. In our case the necessity of introducing any sort of modification in the adaptation mechanism is completely avoided, but we still obtain asymptotic stability of the output error signal. 相似文献
127.
Mgidi Donald Dlamini 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1996,43(4):353
In this paper results on surface photovoltage (SPV) and electron beam induced conductivity (EBIC) studies of edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) and floating zone (FZ) silicon solar cell materials (both p-type) are presented. A systematic comparison based on minority carrier diffusion length and carrier recombination is made between: (i) samples contaminated with Ti and/or Fe, (ii) samples gettered by phosphorous diffusion, and (iii) as-received samples. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, together with the iron-boron (FeB) pairing kinetics [1] have successfully been used to detect the presence of Fe in the samples. Even though this process is effective in revealing Fe impurities in p-type FZ silicon it is evidently not suitable for Fe identification in p-type EFG silicon. Ti, like Fe, is found to be a prominent lifetime-limiting metallic impurity in both EFG and FZ silicon. Phosphorous diffusion is proven to be an effective external gettering technique for fast-diffusing impurities such as Fe, but not for Ti. 相似文献
128.
工业工程继续教育和高等教育自学考试方案研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据作者参与工业工程(IE)研究和学术活动的实践,阐述了如何把学习国外先进经验与中国国情相结合,并以机电制造工业为主要对象,研究和设计了IE专业继续教育和高等教育自学考试教学计划。同时说明了该计划的实施,为大批培养社会迫切需要的IE人才创造了条件,并对我国IE学科建设起到了积极的推动作用。 相似文献
129.
Chemical mechanical polishing of polymer films 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Strategies to reduce capacitance effects associated with shrinking integrated circuit (IC) design rules include incorporating
low resistivity metals and insulators with low dielectric values, or “low-κ” materials. Using such materials in current IC
fabrication schemes necessitates the development of reliable chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes and process consumables
tailored for them. Here we present results of CMP experiments performed on FLARE™ 2.0 using a specialized zirconium oxide
(ZrO2) polishing slurry. FLARE™ 2.0 is a poly(arylene) ether from AlliedSignal, Inc. with a nominal dielectric constant of 2.8.
In addition, we provide insight into possible removal mechanisms during the CMP of organic polymers by examining the performance
of numerous abrasive slurries. Although specific to a limited number of polymers, the authors suggest that the information
presented in this paper is relevant to the CMP performance of many polymer dielectric materials. 相似文献
130.
本文在分析CIMS环境中数据模式冲关类型的基础上,提出一种互连数据库系统模式结构,论述了在异构数据库集成中解决模式冲突的基本方法.在这种方法体系中,不需要建立整个企业的全局数据模式,各局部DBA以简单的方式定义应用所需的模式变换,系统根据这种定义自动完成各种转换,使用户看到的模式和数据结果与应用要求的一致. 相似文献