Rapid-Response Hybrid-Type Surface-Temperature Sensor

A hybrid-type surface-temperature sensor that combines the advantages of contact and non-contact sensing methods has been developed and that offers a way to overcome the weak points of both methods. The hybrid-type surface-temperature sensor is composed of two main components: a metal film that makes contact with the object and an optical sensor that is used to detect the radiance of the rear surface of the metal film. Temperature measurement using this thermometer is possible with an uncertainty of 0.5 K after compensating for systematic errors in the temperature range from 900 to 1,000 K. The response time of our previous hybrid-type sensor is, however, as long as several tens of seconds because the measurement must be carried out under thermally steady-state conditions. In order to overcome this problem, a newly devised rapid-response hybrid-type surface-temperature sensor was developed and that can measure the temperature of an object within 1 s by utilizing its transient heat transfer response. Currently, the temperature of a silicon wafer can be measured with an uncertainty of 1.0 K in the temperature range from 900 to 1,000 K. This sensor is expected to provide a useful means to calibrate in situ temperature measurements in various processes, especially in the semiconductor industry. This article introduces the basic concept and presents experimental results and discussions.     

新一代热辐射涂料的开发

应用传热原理和材料的微观热辐射机制,详细分析了热辐射涂料在锅炉和加热炉上应用的节能机理,定量分析了影响涂料热辐射性能的因素。理论分析和实际应用都表明,超细化与复合化可以有效地提高热辐射涂料的发射率与吸收率。采用超细化和复合化方法,成功研制出了发射率和吸收率均大于0 93的高温热辐射涂料,从而使其具有更加显著的节能效果。复合化与超细化是今后热辐射涂料研究的方向之一。     

Efficiency and behavior of textured high emissivity metallic coatings at high temperature

Three metallic coatings with textured surfaces, made of rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum, were studied in the frame of the Solar Probe Plus mission (NASA) as candidate materials. The role of these coatings is to dissipate a maximum of energy from a hot instrument facing the Sun, by the mean of their high total hemispherical emissivity. The total hemispherical emissivity of the three coatings was measured in the temperature range 1100–1900 K, as well as over time in order to study their high temperature stability. Various emissivity levels were obtained depending on the surface texture. The highest total hemispherical emissivity was obtained on a rhenium coating, with an emissivity of 0.8 in the temperature range 1300–1700 K. However, this rhenium coating with a fine, sharp surface texture, presented an instability at high temperature, which might limit its optimal operating temperature to about 1500 K. As for the tungsten coating, the total hemispherical emissivity was increased by a factor 2 due to the enhanced surface texturation and its great stability over the whole temperature range was shown.     

The Influence of Distance and Focus on the Calibration of Infrared Radiation Thermometers

If a radiation thermometer is calibrated by measuring the temperatures of two cavities having different geometries, sometimes discrepancies arise between them, even though their emissivities are close to that of a blackbody. The origin of such discrepancies may result from the size-of-source effect, and in the distance-to-target effect for those thermometers that offer focusing capability. Examples include: (a) out-of-focus image changes the reading: different focus settings produce different results and (b) measurements taken at different distances produce different results. These effects are discussed, their contribution to the measurement uncertainty is evaluated, and some recommendations are made for practical blackbody cavities or radiators to reduce such effects.     

常低温辐射温度测量的理论研究

从理论上论述了常低温温度辐射测量方法的原理及其应用，并针对测量过程中所必须解决的被测物的发射率校正，校正误差计算以及利用特性方程进行温度定标等难题作了较为详细的分析。     

Emissivity measurements on electronic microcircuits

An analytical comparison of the accuracy of the most often used methods of emissivity measurements carried out during infrared thermographic studies on electronic microcircuits (thin-, thick-film and hybrid ones, high-density miniature PCBs, microsystems) is the main purpose of this paper. A typical measurement arrangement applied to these studies and main factors influencing the measurement results are presented. A special relationship describing the thermographic camera signal has been formulated. Conventional and unconventional methods of the emissivity measurements together with a detailed analysis of the accuracy of typical methods are presented in the paper. A criterion and a procedure of choosing the emissivity measurement method are also proposed. Similar problems concerning the temperature measurements will be presented and discussed in the next paper.     

红外加热器电—热辐射转换效率与辐射面温度相互关系的探讨

从实验测试与理论分析两方面对金属管状红外辐射加热器的电-热辐射转换效率与辐射面温度之间的关系进行了探讨,指出两者之间不存在一一对应的关系,要获得理想的电-热转换效率,达到最佳加热效果,必须做大量的试验研究。     

比辐射率现场测试方法的理论和实验研究

以反射率归一化双向反射率分布函致为基础建立了红外测温普遍方程,并以此作为理论基础提出一种比辐射率现场测试方法。实验结果表明,理论与实践相符。