Comparison of Two Drying Schedules for European Hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) Lumber

Two types of conventional kiln-drying schedules (mild and harsh) based on moisture content (MC) were compared with regard to time, drying quality, and energy cost. The results were evaluated according to the classification of the European Drying Group. Proper drying periods of mild and harsh schedules were found to be 550 and 514 h, respectively. Evaluations in terms of drying quality indicated that better results were achieved with the mild schedule, especially when comparing drying defects and final MC. From an energy efficiency point of view, the harsh schedule, by saving 36 h of drying time, reduced electricity by 594 KWh and was therefore found to be $65 more profitable in this trial.     

贯彻食用盐新标准 做好食用盐质量检测

介绍了食用盐新国标制定的指导思想，新标准的特点及所修订的内容，指出为做好食用盐的质量检测要掌握和控制的技术要点，以保证和提高盐质分析结果的准确度，确保食用盐产品质量符合标准要求。     

Hydro-economic Modeling in River Basin Management: Implications and Applications for the European Water Framework Directive

Economic ideas and processes are becoming increasingly integrated with more traditional engineering and hydrologic models of water management problems. Combining economic management concepts and performance indicators with an engineering-level of understanding of a hydrologic system can provide results and insights more directly relevant for water management decisions and policies. When such models are developed and used with involvement of stakeholders, they can become a basis for shared understanding of water problems as a foundation for negotiated management and policy solutions. When implemented with optimization software, integrated hydro-economic models also can suggest promising innovative solutions for policy-makers to consider. Their applications to river basin management problems are reviewed. Economic and integrated economic-engineering-hydrologic modeling is then discussed in the context of the evolving European Water Framework Directive. Relevant items are cost recovery and water pricing, cost-effectiveness of water management measures, and public participation in decision processes.     

电子天平用于外标法标准系列精确配制方法的研究

研究了用电子天平对外标法标准系列配制过程中吸管加入溶液体积进行计量的方法。结果表明,电子天平计量法可以将吸管加入溶液体积的计量精度提高2个数量级,从而大大提高了工作曲线的准确性和线性。该方法可推广应用于各种需要对吸管加入溶液体积进行精确计量的实验室工作。     

Impacts of varnishes and impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of oak (Quercus petreae lipsky)

This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oak. For this aim, the test samples prepared from oak (Quercus petreae Liebl.) wood were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413‐99 with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) by vacuum technique. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu), waterborne (Wb), acrylic (Ac), and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance to ASTM D 3023. Combustion properties of samples after varnishing process were determined, according to ASTM E 160‐50. According to material and process types, combustion temperature was the highest in Bx and Cv, the lowest in Ba and Ac. An important difference was not observed between without flame source combustion (WFSC) and flame source combustion (FSC). According to combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest value in WFSC + Bx + acid hardening varnish combination and the lowest in WFSC + Ba + acrylic varnish combination. As a result, the tested varnishes showed an increasing impact but boron compounds showed a decreasing impact on combustion properties of oak. In consequence, for usage areas having a high risk of fire, impregnation of wood material with boron compounds before varnishing will decrease combustion temperature and provide security. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

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对三种天然气压缩因子计算方法：经典热力学法、SGERG-88法、SY／T6143—1996法进行了介绍并对计算结果进行了对比，第一种方法的计算精度远不能满足贸易结算的要求，我国现行的第二种计算方法与ISO标准方法相比，在10℃以上的温度范围内基本相符，但在10℃以下的低温段则偏差较大。由此说明，我国目前所实施的计量标准与国际上认可的ISO标准方法之间有较大的偏差；同时，对不需要在线计算的场合，提出了一套基于数据拟合的计算体积修正系数的高精度近似方法，可提高体积计量仪表的性价比。     

APPLICATION OF SITE-SPECIFIC NATURAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION (SNIF-NMR) OF HYDROGEN TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF EUROPEAN BEERS

More than one hundred samples of European beers have been investigated by the new SNIF-NMR method which is based on 2H NMR at the natural abundance level and enables site-specific natural isotope fractionation factors in ethanol to be determined. The relative (R) and absolute (D/H)_i, parameters are shown to be characteristic of the country where the beers are brewed and the observed variations are explained in terms of cereal composition, water resource, and manufacturing processing (fermentation, yeast, temperature cycle). These new parameters find analytical and mechanistic applications in the identification of a beer and in the investigation of a fermentation process.     

智能同步广播激励器及其标频

使用智能同步广播激励器,并采用CCTV传输的1MHz标频信号,就有可能实现自适应相位跟踪同步广播。这将大大节省中波段的频率资源。     

The construction of home in a spitalfields landscape

For hundreds of years Spitalfields, the 250 acres that border the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and the City of London, has been a first point of settlement for immigrants. Its tradition of political and religious non-conformity and its proximity to the City of London and the docks have acted as a unique beacon to those seeking refuge and economic opportunity in a capital city. Spitalfields has provided a landscape upon which the incomers have engraved a 'home away from home', for themselves and their families. Using the 'Spitalfields experience' as a focal point, the concept and construction of home by migrants in the diaspora is explored, and some of the cultural tools that the Huguenots, eastern European Jews and Bangladeshis—the protagonist subject groups of this essay—have used to construct their homes in the elsewhere are examined. Due to the spatial limitations of this work, language, diet and religion have been selected as the topics under the microscope. All three facilitated the maintenance of links with the sending societies whilst, in some, though not in every instance, creating a bridge to assimilation. The usage and effectiveness of these tools is compared and contrasted and the role played by Spitalfields over the past four centuries in the creation of homes by those in an alien environment is assessed.     

OPC 技术与应用

OPC规范是应用软件与数据源的通用接口标准，实现了应用软件与现场设备的开放的、无缝隙的联接。OPC作为新技术，在工业自动化中占重要的地位。分析了OPC技术及其在工控中的应用。