自动淋洗-电导抑制离子色谱法测定食品中甜蜜素

目的建立自动淋洗液发生装置-电导抑制离子色谱测定食品中甜蜜素的方法。方法对试样采取沉淀的前处理方法,采用AS18阴离子分析柱分离,自动淋洗液发生器产生的高纯氢氧化钾进行淋洗,电导抑制检测。结果甜蜜素含量在0.1-100.0 mg/L范围内,其峰面积与甜蜜素的浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 9),定性检测限(LOD)为0.030 mg/kg,定量检测限(LOQ)为0.10 mg/kg,回收率在95.6%-105.3%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%-2.2%。结论该方法简单、快速、测定结果可靠,能应用于食品中甜蜜素的检测。     

管式间接蒸发冷却器工作原理与试验研究

为了解决目前管式间接蒸发冷却器换热效率较低的问题,针对管式间接蒸发冷却器工作运行中存在的问题,就如何提高其换热性能进行了理论分析和试验研究.提出了间歇性供水、优化与改进布水器结构形式、管外包覆吸水性材料以及管内插入强化传热元件等创新性举措.结果表明经过改进后的换热器换热效率提高了约20%～30%.     

应用阴离子交换树脂法进行食品中砷形态的研究

目的建立溶剂提取-阴离子交换树脂分离-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中无机砷、一甲基胂(MMA)和二甲基胂(DMA)的方法。方法以水-甲醇为提取剂,阴离子交换树脂分离,HG-AFS检测。结果方法检出限以砷计分别为:无机砷(As(Ⅲ) As(Ⅴ))0·34μg/L、MMA0·57μg/L、DMA0·46μg/L;20μg/L砷标准偏差为:无机砷2·45%、MMA3·34%、DMA4·96%。在0~50μg/L砷量范围校正曲线线性关系良好。试样加标回收率为:无机砷95·40%~97·00%,MMA97·80%~104·80%,DMA104·23%~107·50%。结论对海带、紫菜等海产品及大米等食品的检测,证明该方法简便易行。     

Economic Indicators

Currency exchanges rates – updated monthly. Economic indicators of industrial production. Countries included: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan (Total G-7), Eurozone and Total EU-28 (Total OECD). Updated monthly. Economic indicators of car registration in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Japan, Republic of Korea and Other OECD (Total OECD-30). Updated monthly. Monthly averages of crude steel production in thousand metric tons for the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Russia, Ukraine, South Africa, Iran, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan and Australia.     

服装出口汇率风险的分析与规避

自中国人民币汇改以来,人民币升值压力使原本就不高的出口服装利润水平进一步缩水,服装出口企业不得不采取更加有效的措施来防范和应对汇率风险下的利润损失,如何应对汇率风险成为服装出口企业当前面临的一个重要问题。为此,以实际服装出口过程中的典型案例为切入点,分析了服装出口贸易中的汇率风险特点,进而提出汇率风险的有效规避方式。     

Effect of ammonium on the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners

Hydraulic conductivity and swell index tests were conducted on a conventional geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) containing sodium-bentonite (Na-B) using 5, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mM ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) solutions to investigate how NH₄⁺ accumulation in leachates in bioreactor and recirculation landfills may affect GCLs. Control tests were conducted with deionized (DI) water. Swell index of the Na-B was 27.7 mL/2 g in 5 mM NH₄⁺ solution and decreased to 5.0 mL/2 g in 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solution, whereas the swell index of Na-B in DI water was 28.0 mL/2 g. Hydraulic conductivity of the Na-B GCL to 5, 50, and 100 mM NH₄⁺ was low, ranging from 1.6–5.9 × 10^?11 m/s, which is comparable to the hydraulic conductivity to DI water (2.1 × 10^?11 m/s). Hydraulic conductivities of the Na-B GCL permeated with 500 and 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solutions were much higher (e.g., 1.6–5.2 × 10^?6 m/s) due to suppression of osmotic swelling. NH₄⁺ replaced native Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in the exchange complex of the Na-B during permeation with all NH₄⁺ solutions, with the NH₄⁺ fraction in the exchange complex increasing from 0.24 to 0.83 as the NH₄⁺ concentration increased from 5 to 1000 mM. A Na-B GCL specimen permeated with 1000 mM NH₄⁺ solution to chemical equilibrium was subsequently permeated with DI water. Permeation with the NH₄⁺ converted the Na-B to “NH₄-bentonite” with more than 80% of the exchange complex occupied by NH₄⁺. Hydraulic conductivity of this GCL specimen decreased from 5.9 × 10^?6 m/s to 2.9 × 10^?11 m/s during permeation with DI water, indicating that “NH₄-bentonite” can swell and have low hydraulic conductivity, and that the impact of more concentrated NH₄⁺ solutions on swelling and hydraulic conductivity is reversible.     

圆弧切线波纹换热管内流动与传热性能的数值模拟

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