P2P multicast for pervasive ad hoc networks

During the last few years, the proliferation of miniaturised devices with networking capabilities has provided the technological grounds for pervasive networking environments. It is not visionary to foresee a world of pervasive devices embedded in the environment interacting between them, and with those carried by users, via wireless communications. In addition, fostered by the diffusion of small-size, computational-rich mobile devices, the way content is generated, and accessed is changing with respect to the legacy-Internet paradigm. An ever-increasing share of the Internet content is generated directly by the users, and shared on the network (following the User-Generated Content model). While today the legacy Internet is still used to share user-generated content, it is reasonable to envision that pervasive networking technologies will represent the natural platform to support this new model. This will result in content being distributed on users’ devices rather than on centralised servers on the Internet, and in users creating ad hoc networks to share content. The p2p paradigm is particularly suitable for this scenario, because communications will occur directly among users, instead of being necessarily mediated by centralised servers. Motivated by these remarks, in this work we focus on p2p multicast services over ad hoc networks aimed at sharing content among groups of users interested in the same topics. Specifically, starting from a reference solution in legacy wired networks (Scribe), we design a cross-layer optimised protocol (XScribe) that addresses most of the Scribe problems on ad hoc networks. XScribe exploits cross-layer interactions with a proactive routing protocol to manage group membership. Furthermore, it uses a lightweight, structureless approach to deliver data to group members. By jointly using experimental results and analytical models, we show that, with respect to Scribe, XScribe significantly reduces the packet loss and the delay experienced by multicast receivers, and increases the maximum throughput that can be delivered to multicast groups.     

Three Rules Suffice for Good Label Placement

The general label-placement problem consists in labeling a set of features (points, lines, regions) given a set of candidates (rectangles, circles, ellipses, irregularly shaped labels) for each feature. The problem arises when annotating classical cartographical maps, diagrams, or graph drawings. The size of a labeling is the number of features that receive pairwise nonintersecting candidates. Finding an optimal solution, i.e., a labeling of maximum size, is NP-hard. We present an approach to attack the problem in its full generality. The key idea is to separate the geometric part from the combinatorial part of the problem. The latter is captured by the conflict graph of the candidates. We present a set of rules that simplify the conflict graph without reducing the size of an optimal solution. Combining the application of these rules with a simple heuristic yields near-optimal solutions. We study competing algorithms and do a thorough empirical comparison on point-labeling data. The new algorithm we suggest is fast, simple, and effective. Received December 21, 1998; revised October 13, 1999.     

"Publishing opinions: A note on the usefulness of commentaries": Comment.

Comments on J. J. Christensen-Szalanski and L. R. Beach's (see record 1984-21471-001) conclusion that the attention given to commentaries and replies to articles did not justify the extra space and argues that citation indexes do not measure the major usefulness of these commentaries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Commentary on "Publishing opinions: A note on the usefulness of commentaries."

Comments on J. J. Christensen-Szalanski and L. R. Beach's (see record 1984-21471-001) conclusion that the attention given to commentaries and replies to articles did not justify the extra space. The author indicates that a 40% increase in space was associated with a 91% increase in citations; data do not argue against the use of commentaries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Chamber for Testing the Release of Volatile Substances Secreted by Animals,Especially Mammals,as Exemplified by Substances Released by Rats in Response to Stress

Abstract

The success of the testing of volatile organic compounds emitted by animals is dependent on the creation of appropriate conditions for air sampling subsequently used to assay and identify the compounds. These conditions play a particularly important role in the investigation of pheromones, which are secreted in extremely low concentrations. The authors have not come across any previous work which offers constructional solutions, which would allow avoidance of contamination of the air samples containing volatile substances secreted by animals.

A constructional solution was developed, which provides optimal conditions for their sampling and isolation. Its main advantages are as follows: the exposure chamber (the chamber in which the animal is studied) is filled with synthetic air; the exposure chamber is separated from the atmospheric air with a synthetic air “jacket”; the exposure chamber has been constructed using materials which do not release chemicals and absorb them in trace quantities.     

演示实验对大学物理教学的辅助作甩

分析了演示实验在教学中的积极作用和地位,总结出演示实验中教师应注意的事项,指出了演示实验中存在的一些问题。演示实验对大学物理教学具有重要的辅助作用,是大学物理教学中不可缺少的环节,教师应认真对待,利用演示实验启发学生主动思考,培养学生科学思维的方法。     

浅谈节水灌溉技术在庄浪县果园生产中的应用

介绍甘肃省庄浪县高邵坪节水灌溉示范园区节水灌溉技术应用,并取得显著的效益.实践证明,在半干旱气候地区大力推广节水灌溉技术前景广阔.     

拓展训练在干部培训中的应用分析

拓展训练起源于二战时期的英国,它的理论依据是体验式教学。我校拓展训练的具体内容主要有团队组建、情景项目、高空项目和回顾总结。拓展训练对送训单位和个人都有一定的积极意义。实践证明,干部培训中引入拓展训练是可行的。当然,在干部培训中开展拓展训练还应注意以下问题:首先要注重安全问题;要加强拓展培训师的理论修养;拓展训练的项目设置应与干部培训课程相适应;干部培训中的拓展训练应把重点放在回顾总结上;最后还应对拓展训练中的项目进行创新研究,使之更加符合干部培训之用。     

铠装热电偶校准用精密热电偶校验炉

为满足最新颁布的铠装热电偶校准规范对校准用校验炉的要求,研发了精密热电偶校验炉.运用内外二级温度控制及插孔安装方式,使校验炉在进行热电偶校准时具备极佳的技术性能.实际应用表明,精密热电偶校验炉完全可以应用于Ⅰ级工业热电偶的校准.     

Methodological approaches for histamine quantification using derivatization by chloroethylnitrosourea and ELISA measurement. Part II: Optimisation of the derivatization step

In a previous paper (part I), new strategy was used for raising antibodies against hapten (< 300 Da) and the quantification of these hapten by ELISA using derivatization by chloroethyl nitrosourea (CENU). After raising antibodies against histamine, they were characterized and used for ELISA measurements. Optimal detection conditions were determined for the histamine quantification by ELISA method. The present study investigates the derivatization step of the histamine by chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU). Five factors (2 qualitative: nature of the solvent and nature of the antibodies and 3 quantitative: pH, % of solvent and time of derivatization) have been considered. Optimal reaction conditions were established by calculation of a validated model.