Technical risk involved in long-term operation of steam turbines

The scope of the paper is the assessment of the technical risk involved in long-term operation of power units. Detailed analyses have been conducted for steam turbine components. The sources and consequences of risk have been identified and the probability of turbine components failure calculated. The quantitative assessment of the risk has been made and possibilities of its reduction discussed.     

Metallurgical Investigation of a Prematurely Failed Concentric Reducer Tube Used in a Hot-Rolling Mill

A concentric reducer tube, which was a part of the top exit roughing hydraulic descaler in a hot strip mill failed prematurely under working pressure. A detailed metallurgical investigation comprising physical examination, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis was carried out to find out the genesis of the failure. Physical examination revealed cracks located symmetrically around the circumference of the tube that ran along its full length, up to the weld beads at both ends. Optical microscopy of etched samples revealed a banded ferrite-pearlite structure and the existence of forging folds near the change-in-section(160° fillets). Cracks were found to initiate from these forging folds. No structural abnormalities were found in the weld beads and heat-affected zones.     

管道防腐层的失效及对策

介绍了管道防腐层失效的原因和方式。指出水和氧气是防腐层失效的原因,含水量和含氧量决定腐蚀程度,应采取有效措施对防腐层进行及时检查与修复。     

传感器可靠性技术—传感器可靠性特征量

介绍已知试验数据如何计算可靠性特征量的点估计和区间估计     

电站装备失效分析及其预防

简叙了电站装备失效分析程序、失效原因及其失效机理。大量的各种各样的失效，常常涉及一种或多种的失效机理。在众机理中，主要是：腐蚀失效、环境断裂失效、变形失效和断理解失效。     

70推土机主离合器分离杆螺栓失效分析

主离合器分离杆螺栓是一个重要安全件，使用中经常发生断裂。经过失效分析确定断裂原因是由其配件引起。提高配件的冷加工质量及改进结构，可解决分离杆螺栓的断裂问题。     

剖析半悬挂减速机故障的产生与对策

介绍了半悬挂减速机的工作原理，分析其故障原因，实施相应的解决对策。     

Fracture mechanics global approach concepts applied to creep slow crack growth in a medium density polyethylene (MDPE)

Creep fracture by slow crack growth is studied in a medium density polyethylene at 60 °C and 80 °C. Whereas elastic-plastic fracture mechanics load parameters fail to provide a unique temperature-independent correlation, that of the fracture mechanics for creeping solids C^∗ is proved to be relevant since this parameter correlates very well with the time to failure. Correlation established on both full notched creep tensile and double edge notched tensile tests was validated on cracked gas-pipe samples tested under hydrostatic pressure, extending the use of time to failure versus C^∗ diagram to predict lifetime of engineering components.     

Fault diagnosis as an aid to process machine reliability

Identification of the reasons for failures of process plant machines is the first step in obtaining increased reliability. Weibull analysis of the service life obtained from maintenance records requires a minimum of only five incidents and provides an insight into the failure mechanism. Two examples are given where Weibull analysis of maintenance records helped identify the cause of failure and was instrumental in achieving enhanced reliability of process plant machines.     

压力机气垫故障分析

介绍分析了机械压力机气垫通常出现的故障现象，以及应采取的排障措施。