Mg-6Zn—xCu铸造合金的显微组织及力学性能研究

采用金属型铸造方法制备了Mg-6Zn-xCu（x=1％、3％、5％）镁合金,并通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段研究了Cu含量对合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Cu在合金中主要以CuMgZn相存在,且随着Cu量的增加,其数量增加;在凝固过程中,CuMgZn富集在已结晶的α-Mg表面,阻碍了其长大,从而细化了晶粒,但过量的CuMgZn偏聚晶界偏聚,引起局部的应力集中,对合金的力学性能产生负面影响;随着Cu含量的增加,合金的力学性能逐渐降低,加入1％Cu时,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大值,分别为208MPa和13．5％;随着Cu含量的增加,拉伸断口由准解理断裂向解理断裂和沿晶断裂转变。     

Particles migration behavior during laser keyhole welding of ZLIO1/TiB2 composites

Particle redistribution occurred with the flow of pool fluid in laser welding aluminum composites. In order to investigate particle migration behavior, a numerical model was established on laser welding of ZL101-TiB2 composite. TiB2 migration coupling with fluid was realized. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was employed to track free fluid surfaces. The travel heat source was realized utilizing the workpiece motion in place of heat source motion, which made the heat load stable. Melting and evaporation enthalpy, recoil force, surface tension and buoyancy were considered in this model. Through the calculation it showed that the simulated weld cross section shape and particle distribution were in good agreement with experimental results.     

偏痛胶囊流浸膏对血液流变学、血栓形成及脑电图的影响

目的: 研究偏痛胶囊流浸膏对肾上腺素致血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学、家兔体外血栓形成及其疼痛刺激模型大鼠脑电图的影响。方法: 肾上腺素联合冰水游泳法复制大鼠血瘀模型,观察偏痛胶囊对血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学的影响,体外血栓法观察偏痛胶囊流浸膏对正常家兔血栓形成的影响,脑电图法分析偏痛胶囊流浸膏对疼痛模型大鼠脑电频率和振幅的影响。结果: 偏痛胶囊流浸膏可明显降低血瘀模型大鼠血液高切、低切黏度、全血还原黏度及血浆黏度(P<0.01 或P<0.05),抑制家兔体外血栓的形成(P<0.01 或P<0.05),表现为较好的活血化瘀、抗血栓作用;同时,偏痛胶囊流浸膏还可明显抑制大鼠足底辐射热刺激引起的δ频段百分下降(P<0.05),α₂、α₃频道百分比升高(P<0.05)等病理性脑电图变化,表现为较好的镇痛作用。结论: 偏痛胶囊流浸膏可明显改善血液流变学,具有良好的抗血栓作用,同时可明显减弱疼痛引起的大鼠脑电图的异常变化。     

Flow and particle motion in scraped heat exchanger crystallizers

Turbulent fluid flow and related solid particle behaviour in the direct vicinity of the heat exchanging (HE) surface of a scraped heat exchanger crystallizer was studied. The liquid flow is visualized by dye injection and the particles are monitored directly for two types of commonly used scraper geometries. In conjunction with this experimental work, we performed direct numerical simulations of the two-phase (solid-liquid) flow system. Our main goal is the design of scraper geometries that enhance heat transfer by perturbing the thermal boundary layer, and effectively scrape off particles that nucleate, grow and adhere onto the HE surface. Also the turbulent flow generated by the moving scrapers should direct the particles into the bulk of the tank. The experiments and simulations show good qualitative resemblance which enables the design of scrapers based primarily on numerical predictions.     

Conversion of Calotropis procera biocrude to liquid fuels using thermal and catalytic cracking

With the fast depletion of petroleum reserves, renewable resources like biomass are acquiring great significance. Calotropis procera, a laticiferous arid plant is identified as a potential petrocrop. The dried biomass of C. procera was subjected to non-polar (n-heptane) solvent extraction. Biocrude so obtained is a rich source of tri terpenoid type of hydrocarbons. The biocrude was upgraded to useful liquid fuels using different conversion processes such as thermal and catalytic cracking (fluid catalytic cracking, FCC). The temperature, pressure and reaction time maintained during thermal conversions were 430 and 460 °C; 1.2 and 0.2 MPa; and 15 and 30 min, respectively. Catalytic cracking was carried out in continuous mode micro reactor varying the catalyst to feed ratio (3-7.03) and temperature (460-520 °C) aiming at maximization of lighter fractions (up to diesel range). High conversions (up to 92%) were obtained using FCC as compared to thermal process (57.7%). The HPLC analysis of the liquid fuels indicated that thermal cracking yielded a better quality fuel compared to FCC. The fuel obtained by FCC was found to contain large proportions of aromatics and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).     

Large eddy simulations and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements in a scraped heat exchanger crystallizer geometry

The transport phenomena in scraped heat exchanger (HE) crystallizers are critical for the process performance. Fluid flow and turbulence close to the HE surface as generated by stirring elements and scraper blades are crucial in this respect as they aim at avoiding an insulating scale layer on the HE surface. For this reason we performed large-eddy simulations of the turbulent flow (at a Reynolds number of 5×10⁴) in a typical cooling crystallizer geometry with a focus on the bottom region where the heat exchanging surface was located. The flow simulations were validated with stereoscopic PIV experiments performed higher up in the crystallizer. Water at a constant temperature was the working fluid in the experiments as well as in the simulations. For reasons of optical accessibility being hindered by the scrapers, the experiments could not be done near the heat exchanging surface. The flow structures as revealed by the large-eddy simulations could explain the local occurrence of scaling on an evenly cooled HE surface, and its irreproducibility caused by instantaneous cold spots.     

水淹气藏的配套挖潜技术及应用

目前濮城油气田南区沙二上1-3气顶气藏已进入后期开发,气井普遍水淹,严重影响了气井的正常生产。为了解决这一问题,根据不同气井水淹的具体情况,分别对气藏的气井应用了小泵加气锚、泡排、液氮气举、下电泵、酸化等配套工艺技术对气藏进行挖潜,取得了较好的采气效果。     

Viscous flow of a Newtonian fluid in a curved channel with flexible moving porous walls

We consider flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid in a curved channel with moving porous walls; the upper wall is flexible and its position in unknown a priori. This work is motivated from a papermaking application namely roll forming. We solve the leading order terms in equations of motion using perturbation methods and present analytical expressions for the variation in channel size, pressure, and viscous shear. The stability of the solution is also examined and we report the conditions for marginal stability.     

CFD simulation of the high shear mixing process using kinetic theory of granular flow and frictional stress models

In order to enhance process understanding and to develop predictive process models in high shear granulation, there is an ongoing search for simulation tools and experimental methods to model and measure the velocity and shear fields in the mixer. In this study, the Eulerian-Eulerian approach to model multiphase flows has been used to simulate the mixer flow. Experimental velocity profiles for the solid phase at the wall in the mixer have been obtained using a high speed camera following the experimental procedure as described by Darelius et al. [2007a. Measurement of the velocity field and frictional properties of wet masses in a high shear mixer. Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 2366-2374]. The governing equations for modelling the dense mixer flow have been closed by using closure relations from the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) combined with frictional stress models. The free slip and partial slip boundary conditions for the solid phase velocity at the vessel wall have been utilized. The partial slip model originally developed for dilute flows by Tu and Fletcher [1995. Numerical computation of turbulent gas-solid particle flow in a 90^° bend. A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 41, 2187-2197] has been employed. It was found that the bed height could be well predicted by implementing the partial slip model, whereas the free slip model could not capture the experimentally found bed height satisfactorily. In the simulation, the swirling motion of the rotating torus formed was over-predicted and the tangential wall velocity was under-predicted, probably due to the fact that the frictional stress model needs to be further developed, e.g. to tackle cohesive particles in dense flow. The advantage of using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach compared to discrete element methods is that there is no computational limitation on the number of particles being modelled, and thus manufacturing scale granulators can be modelled as well.     

环境流体力学研究进展

本文对环境流体力学概念进行了介绍,总结了环境流体力学在水体、大气等不同条件下及工业生产中的运用情况,展望了今后环境流体力学的发展方向。