The influence of current load on fretting of electrical contacts

The fretting corrosion behavior of tin coated brass contacts is studied at various current loads (1, 2 and 3 A). The typical characteristics of the change in contact resistance with fretting cycles are explained. The fretted surface is examined using scanning electron microscope, laser scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays to assess the surface morphology, extent of fretting damage, extent of oxidation, surface profile and elemental distribution across the contact zone. The degradation of contacts at high and low values of current is explained with reference to the thermal and electrical phenomena occurring at the contact interface. The results showed that irrespective of the current loads under study, the contact resistance is maintained at 1.0±0.02 Ω where the oxide debris formation and the electrical breakdown of oxide particles competed with each other maintaining the equilibrium. The number of cycles to failure of the contacts is delayed at lower current. The fretting corrosion degradation of tin coated contacts occurs much faster at higher currents as it generates more accumulation of oxide wear debris at the contact zone. The observed surface morphology and the tin profile of the fretted surface are in agreement with the experimental results.     

The effect of temperature on gross slip fretting wear of cold-sprayed nickel coatings on Ti6Al4V interfaces

Fretting wear is an accumulation of damage that occurs at component interfaces that are subjected to high contact stresses coupled with low-amplitude oscillation. In metallic contacts, surface oxides, adhesion, and material transfer play a primary role in the initial stages of fretting wear degradation. Given these behaviors, the focus of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on inter-metallic fretting wear between Ti6Al4V (titanium, 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) and cold-sprayed, commercially pure nickel coatings. The results presented herein show that increased temperature decreases friction through the formation of a uniform NiO layer, and by a reduction of Ni₂O₃ in contacts. In addition, it was found that a localized minimum friction coefficient is achieved at approximately 300 °C, above which friction increases slightly due to annealing of the cold-sprayed coatings.     

Interfacial potential barrier theory of friction and wear

An interfacial potential barrier theory to calculate friction and wear is proposed by considering the micro interaction of frictional surfaces. The theory suggests that the performance of friction and wear depends on the magnitude and distribution of the interfacial potential barrier on contact surfaces. The calculation methods of the interfacial potential barrier and standard interfacial potential barrier are then studied and the formulas to calculate the friction force, friction coefficient, and quantity of adhesion wear are derived based on the theory. With its independence and stability, the standard interfacial potential barrier can be used as an index to describe the frictional performance of materials. The calculation results of the friction force with some existing experimental data are consistent with the experimental results performed with an ultra high vacuum atomic-force microscope, which proves that the theory and method are feasible. __________ Translated from Tribology, 2007, 27(1): 54–59 [译自: 摩擦学学报]     

PDC钻头性能的二维模拟

介绍了PDC钻头性能模拟的试验基础及原理。所编制的模拟软件可为PDC钻头的设计方案提供模拟结果和性能评价依据，其主要功能为：1．计算切削齿的各种参数，如切削力、切削体积、切削功率；2．计算切削齿的磨损体积、磨损高度；3．计算钻头不平衡力的大小和方向；4．模拟钻头的钻进特性曲线；5．模拟切痕断面形状及井底剖面形状；6．预测钻头的工作指标。应用该软件对一只使用过的PDC钻头性能进行模拟，分析了主要模拟结果，并将该钻头各切削齿研磨面积的实测结果与模拟结果作了对比，两者的分布规律基本吻合。     

CVD涂层硬质合金刀具的耐磨性和破损特性

通过系统的实验研究和理论分析，揭示了化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）涂层质合金刀具在磨损和破损状态下不同的失效特性和机理。，在耐磨性方面，重点分析了涂层的耐靡屏障作用，固体润滑作用和涂层与基体间的匹配作用，在破损特性方面，分析了表现残余应力与涂层剥落，脆性η相与界面裂纹，刃口钝化与塑性变形等内在规律。在此基础上又阐明了涂层质合金刀具对于切削条件的特殊适用性和选择性。     

The performance of CBN tools in the machining of titanium alloys

Advancements in the aerospace, nuclear and other industries require the enhanced in-service performance of engineering components. These requirements have resulted in the large scale development and use of heat-resistant and high-strength materials such as titanium alloys, which pose considerable machining problems. In this study on machining of titanium alloy using CBN tools, the machining performance was evaluated in terms of cutting force, specific cutting pressure, cutting temperature, chip strain and surface finish.     

锤片表面喷焊NiWC合金的耐磨性能

从宏观及微观角度对烟梗粉碎机锤片的磨损失效过程进行了分析 ,并对其易磨损部位进行了表面喷焊Ni WC合金减磨覆层。装机试验表明 ,喷焊 Ni WC合金的锤片使用寿命比原 6 5 Mn钢淬火回火处理 ( 5 8～ 6 0 HRC)的提高6倍多     

Effect of micro ploughing during fine particle peening process on the microstructure of metallic materials

In this study, the mechanism of microstructural changes induced by fine particle peening (FPP) treatment was analyzed. Ti–6Al–4V alloy specimens treated with FPP, using tool steel particles with a peening time ranging from 0.1 to 30 s were prepared and examined. Observation of the specimen with short-term FPP treatment revealed that two types of collision dents were formed by the micro abrasive behavior between collided particles and specimen surface. One was the “indented dent,” formed by particles that collided with the surface vertically, and the other was the “ploughed dent,” accompanied by a heap of piled-up material that was ploughed aside during the formation of this dent. Analyses using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of particle fragments transferred to the ploughed dents, although no fragments were observed on the indented dents. With an increase in peening time, transferred fragments were embedded into treated materials by deformed material due to a micro ploughing effect. The Fe-rich region became deeper as the particle fragments were embedded. Finally, a lamellar microstructure with a high concentration of Fe was formed by FPP treatment. The effects of micro ploughing during the FPP process on the lamellar modified microstructure formation were clarified. One effect was an enhancement of metal transfer from particles to substrate because virgin metallic surface was exposed; and the other was the mechanical mixing of transferred elements into the substrate.     

三维井眼抽油杆与油管防偏磨技术研究与应用

抽油杆、管偏磨主要受力学因素和油井产出物的影响,其根本原因是抽油杆、管之间的摩擦力造成的;偏磨点的预测模型由实测数据进行修正或标定使预测更加准确;降低抽油杆、管之间的偏磨方法主要是降低杆、管之间的摩擦力;降低抽油杆对油管的正压力采用传力式加重杆加重,使抽油杆中和点下移;使用抽油杆防偏磨节箍,降低了杆、管之间的摩擦系数;现场应用219口井表明,延长了检泵周期、提高了井下效率和经济效益。