三维软件SolidWorks在铁包倾翻力矩计算中的应用

铁包倾翻力矩计算在炼钢工艺流程设计中有重要的意义和作用,对倾翻过程中的力矩进行核算,有利于了解副钩的工作过程.通过利用Solidworks三维软件对某工程100 t铁包进行三维建模,用其质量特性查询功能可得出铁水包的重量及重心位置等物理参数,以提供力矩计算所需数据.     

Friction and wear behaviours of surface densified powder metallurgy Fe–2Cu–0.6C material

Surface rolling was employed to fabricate a densified layer on a powder metallurgy (PM) Fe–2Cu–0.6C piece. A densified surface layer with a depth of 335?μm and a surface hardness of 330?HV_0.1 was obtained, in which the lamellar spacing of pearlite and grain size of ferrite were refined. Friction and wear behaviours of the surface densified material were studied. Results indicated that friction coefficient of the rolled material decreased as the load increased, which was lower than that of the un-rolled material. Wear volumes were lower than that of the un-rolled material, which increased as the load increased. Wear loss was caused by flake spalling and grooves, and the wear mechanism mainly was abrasive wear. The surface densified layer with higher hardness and lower porosity can hinder the cracks initiation and propagation on the surface and under the surface, which enhance the wear resistance of the PM material.     

永磁同步电机的无速度传感器直接转矩控制

在高性能的永磁同步电机控制系统中,机械传感器的存在会使系统的成本增加,可靠性降低,容易受到外部环境的影响.在叙述永磁同步电机直接转矩控制原理的基础上,采用了一种基于转子磁链的转速估计方法,该方法根据定子磁链角和负载角确定出转子磁链角,进而估计出电机的转速.仿真和实验结果验证了该方法能够在电机全速范围内准确地估计出转速,具有优良的动静态性能,适合于永磁同步电机的直接转矩控制.     

矿用电机车最大转矩交流牵引驱动系统

针对架线式矿用电机车负载变化频繁、供电波动较大、工作环境恶劣等具体工程实际问题,提出了具有最大转矩输出能力的改进型转差频率控制方法及重载转矩补偿和母线电压补偿措施,研制了DC550V/ 300kW实验样机.仿真和实验表明,驱动系统在启动和拖动过程均具有较大的转矩输出能力和良好的动态响应特性,提高了牵引性能和系统的可靠性.     

脚踝康复受力测量电路的设计

通过分析脚踝康复受力间接测量原理,基于MSP430单片机设计出一种脚踝康复受力测量电路,进行了脚踝康复受力测量实验,实验证明脚踝康复受力测量电路实现踝关节康复力和力矩的间接测量,为踝关节安全康复提供了指导性数据,便于患者自主控制康复强度,提高了康复效果。     

Material flow and core/multi-shell structures in a friction stir welded aluminum alloy with embedded copper markers

The objective of this study was to reveal the material flow and temperature distribution in a thick aluminum plate during friction stir welding and examine the subsequent microstructural change with particular attention to the reaction between copper marker and aluminum matrix. It is shown that the material adjacent to the threaded pin was transported from the top to bottom non-symmetrically, and then was forced to move upwards at a small distance from the pin due to the constraint of an extrusion-die-like configuration. The interaction between the copper marker and aluminum matrix led to the formation of (i) a unique core/multi-shell microstructure consisting of copper core, inner shell of AlCu and outer shell of Al₂Cu, and (ii) a composite band containing uniformly-distributed Al₂Cu particles with refined grains due to the lower stacking fault energy of copper and the pinning role of Al₂Cu particles.     

Optimising the design of a piston-ring pack using DoE methods

This paper shows how design of experiments can be used with a ring-pack simulation program to optimise the design of a piston-ring assembly. Ten factors are varied—six describing the ring profile, three ring tensions, and the lubricant viscosity. Statistical analysis shows that there are some significant interactions between some of the factors—an issue that should be considered when performing test-bed measurements on engines. It is shown that an improved design can be achieved that reduces ring losses by 57% whilst reducing upward oil flow by 39%. This could lead to a 7% improvement in fuel economy provided there are no deleterious effects in other parts of the engine.     

A new procedure for measuring geosynthetic friction with an inclined plane

A method for the determination of the friction angle of geosynthetic interfaces (specifically those in contact with soils at very low normal stresses) using an inclined plane is described by the European Standard EN ISO 12957-2. Following this “Standard Displacement Procedure”, the friction angle of a geosynthetic interface is determined using a displacement criterion between the tested geosynthetics. However, the “Standard Displacement Procedure” seems to be poorly suited for many interfaces. Herein, a new procedure is proposed, called the “Force Procedure”, which consists of measuring the force required to restrain a box on top of the interface beyond a limiting value of sliding displacement. With the “Force Procedure”, the friction is determined from the curve of friction mobilization versus plane-inclination. The angle determined with the “Force Procedure” is not sensitive to the conditions of the test and is more representative of real-world conditions, as it takes into account displacements observed in the field. Based on the results of this study, it seems reasonable to suggest a revision of the EN ISO 12957-2 standard testing procedure.     

Transient Friction in Pressurized Pipes. I: Investigation of Zielke’s Model

This paper investigates the well-known model for unsteady friction developed by Zielke in 1968. The model is based on weights of past local bulk accelerations and is analytically correct for laminar flow, but computationally demanding. Different models have been proposed using dynamic properties, typically based on instantaneous accelerations (IAB) that are more rapid in computational schemes. Unfortunately, they are not as accurate as Zielke’s model and fail to model certain types of transients. This paper points out that the water hammer transient is dominated by a periodicity varying along the pipe. Because of this, the unsteady friction calculated by the Zielke model is distributed nonuniformly along the pipe, and changes in the pipe length change the local unsteady friction. This phenomenon may explain why IAB models using calibrated coefficients to match experimental results have a large span in value for the reported coefficients. This paper will hopefully contribute to further work to find highly accurate and rapid models. The subject deserves to be brought up for discussion as a part of a total understanding of the problem.     

Transient Friction in Pressurized Pipes. II: Two-Coefficient Instantaneous Acceleration–Based Model

The goal in the field of modeling of hydraulic transients is a comprehensive model for pipe networks that is computationally fast and accurate. The fastest models are the one-dimensional (1D) models that use instantaneous acceleration–based (IAB) properties, but unfortunately these models are not as accurate as the more demanding 1D convolution-based (CB) models or quasi two-dimensional models. Focusing on a single pipe, this paper investigates the fundamental behavior of the much more accurate 1D CB model to find two coefficients for use with the two-coefficient formulation of the much-used modified IAB (MIAB) model for complete closing of a downstream valve. Two coefficients are found based on the weighting function used in the CB model, and these coefficients vary along the pipe length. Simulations are compared with two experimental results from tests performed at University of Adelaide in Australia in 1995. The experimental results are for different initial Reynolds numbers of approximately 2,000 and 5,800. The results show very good agreement between simulations and experiments. The improvement of the MIAB model is not general, and for the time being, only complete closure of a downstream valve in a single pipeline at low Reynolds numbers has been investigated.